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Chapter 10 Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis (Energy and Reducing Power…
Chapter 10 Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis
Energy and Reducing Power
reducing power
oxidizing agents
NAD+
NADP+
reducing agents
NADH
NADPH
other electron carriers
Plastoquinones
plastocyanin
cytochromes
Energy carriers
allow pigments to make several smaller intermediates
allow pigments to enter reactions
methods of synthesizing ATP
Substrate-level phosphorylation
energy source: reactions without oxygen
occurs in cytosol
oxidative phosphorylation
energy source: oxidations with oxygen
occurs in mitochondria
Phosphorylation
energy source: sunlight
occurs in chloroplasts
Photosynthesis
stroma reactions
other names
Benson Cycle
C3 Cycle
Calvin
RuBP carboxylase
can make up 30% of protein in a leaf
most abundant protein on Earth
mediates oxygen-producing photosynthesis
Acceptor Molecule
RuBP
carbon is
reduced
by NADPH to PGAL
energized
by converting 3-phosphoglycerate into 3-diphosphoglycerate
anabolic metabolism
NADPH and ATP storage
Intermediates-term
Long-term
Short-term
Synthesizing polysaccharides
gluconeogenesis
PGAL conversion to dihydroxyacetone phosphate
light-dependent reactions
the nature of light
radiation
treated physically as quanta/quantum
treated in waves as photons
electromagnetic radiation spectrum
encompasses:
gamma rays
X-Rays
ultraviolet lights
infrared lights
microwaves
visible lights
radio waves
the nature of pigments
absorption spectrum
shows that Chlorophyll
a
is an essential photosynthetic pigment
accessory pigments
Chlorophyll
b
carotenoids
light hits the antenna complex
transferred to reaction center
Photosystem I
given name "P700"
absorbs red light most efficiently
has electron acceptor "Fx"
produces NADPH
Photosystem II
given name "P680"
gets new electrons from water
ATP synthesis
chemiosmotic phosphorylation
important structures
grana/granum
stroma
decreased concentration of protons
thylakoid lumen
increased concentration of protons
transport
cyclic electron transport
produces adequate ATP for stroma reactions
noncyclic electron transport
doesn't produce enough ATP for stroma reactions
Environmental and Internal Factors
light :
colors and wavelengths of sunlight
intensity of light
light compensation point
duration of sunlight
leaf structure
can minimize water loss
can slow/speed up photosynthesis
water
lost through open stomata during the day
stomata close at night to conserve water
adaptations to conserve water
C4 metabolism
occurs in leaves with Kranz anatomy
carbon dioxide is concentrated in a leaf
little photorespiration
(common names) examples of plants having this:
amaranths
daises
ice plants
beets
sedges
purslanes
spurges
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)
similar to process in C4 metabolism
differs from C4 plants
the stomata open only at night
the stomata open when it is cool
relatively inefficient
