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Ch 3 Cell Structure (Plant Cells (Plasma Membrane (membrane that covers…
Ch 3 Cell Structure
Plant Cells
Protoplasm
all cells are made of this
mass of:
proteins
lipids
nucleic acid
water
Plasma Membrane
membrane that covers protoplasm
selectively permeable
one side faces enviroment
Nucleus
permanent storage place for genetic info
nuclear envelope
surrounds nucleus
separates nuclear material from cell
outer membrane
inner membrane
nucleoplasm
DNA
enzymes
histone proteins
RNA
water
Central Vacuoles
stores water
stores nutrient reserves
digestive organelle
Cytoplasm
gel-like substance
supports cell organelles
keeps everything in place
Mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell
carry out cell respiration
can grow
Plastids
carries out photosynthesis
chloroplasts/chlorophyll
larger than mitochondria
thylakoids
membrane sheets
granum=stack
Ribosomes
protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum
system of narrow tubes throughout cytoplasm
rough ER
has ribosomes
smooth ER
no ribosomes
Dictyosomes
thin vesicles
material secreted
Golgi apparatus
Cytosol
most volume
Microtubules
most abundant
easily studied
act as cytoskeleton
Cell Wall
provides strength and protection
contains cellulose
Fungal Cells
NO PLASTIDS :red_cross:
contains chitin
contains nitrogen
narrow cells
Association of Cells
unicellular
cells do not interact
communicate indirectly
multicellular
cells communicate directly
plasmodesmata
cells interconnected by fine holes
Membranes
Composition of Membranes
monolayer
single layer
bilayer
lipid layer doubles over
thin solution
60% protein/40% lipid
intrinsic proteins
protein immersed in lipid bilayer
extrinsic proteins
proteins outside membrane
fluid mosaic membrane
heterogeneous liquid
Properties of Membranes
membranes CAN grow
lumen
volume inside vesicle
exocytosis
excrete almost anything
waste
debris
protein
polysaccharides
mucilage
endocytosis
opposite of exocytosis
common in algae and microscopic organisms
selective permeability membrane
only certain things go thorugh
compartamentaliztaion
principle life depends on
things don't need to mix
freely permeable membrane
everything passes
Basic Cell Types
Eukaryotic
evolved from prokaryotic
found in=
plants
animals
fungi
protists
more complex
true membrane bounded nucleus
more organelles
Prokaryotic
simpler
only bacteria and archaea
