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Photosynthesis (Environmental&Internal Factors (C4 Metabolism (RuBP…
Photosynthesis
Environmental&Internal Factors
Water
water available greatly affects photosynthesis
plants keep their stroma open
during day
C4 Metabolism
RuBP carboxylase
cannot be improved
phosphoglycolate break down to 2 molecules
break down called photorespiration
mesophyll cells contain enzyme
called PEP (phosphoenolypyruvate) carboxylase
high affinity for CO2
Leaf Structure
standard structure
palisade parenchyma
spongy mesophyll
Light
quality of sunlight
light intesity or brightness
CAM
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
2nd metabolic adaption
Concepts
Entropy increasing
:sunny: :bulb: = Energy
Maintains & increases orderliness
Directly
Through photosynthesis
=Complex organic compounds
Indirectly
respiration of said compounds :arrow_up:
by organism itself
or another organism that eats it.
Photoautotrophs
Gather energy directly :bulb:
assimilate inorganic molecules
in their tissues
all green plants
all cyanobacteria
few bacteria capable
Heterotrophs
organisms :no_entry:
instead take organic molecules
respire them
Photosynthesis
Stroma Reactions
Formerly called "dark reactions"
Anabolic Metabolism
Anabolism, consist of Anabolic Reactions
Synthesis of Polysaccharides
fructose-1,6-biphosphate
minus phosphate =
fructose-6-phosphate
Light-Dependent Reactions
also called thylakoid reactions
The Nature of Light
electromagnetic radiation spectrum
gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet light, infrared light, microwaves, and radio waves
quanta (quantum for singular)
also called photons
set of waves
1 more item...
infrared radiation felt as heat
ultraviolet light tans or burns skin
The Natural Pigments
Pigment= anything w/ distinctive color
photosynthetic pigments
transfer absorbed light energy
enter chemical reactions
1 more item...
chlorophyll a
absorbs some red and blue
most everything else passes
Accessory Pigments
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Carotenoids
Photosystem I
P700
Fe4-S4
ferredoxin
ferredoxin/NADPH+ reductase
1 more item...
Ferredoxin
located in thylakoid membrane
small protein (10,500-11,000 daltons)
daltons- weight of one H+ atom
Photosystem II
P680
phaeophytin
plastoquinone
cyto b6lf
:arrow_lower_left: plastocyanin
Synthesis of ATP
liquid around thylakoid system
stroma
Uses light energy.
Energy&Reducing Power
Energy Carriers
Energy :arrow_right:
Biological World
through photosynthesis
Photophosphorylation
Light Energy
photosynthesis
animals
fungi
nonchlorophyllous plant tissues
:no_entry: photophosphorylation
ADP phosphorylated to ATP
through Oxidative Phosphorylation
Reducing power
:earth_americas: 21% O2
Oxidized=
Atom doesn't carry
as many electrons it could
Oxidized Reactions
Often Contain lots of O2
(but not always)
Other electron carriers
Plastoquinines
like cytochromes
transport electrons short distances
Plastocyanin
also like cytochromes
small protein carry electrons
on metal atom (copper)
Cytochromes
small proteins contain
heme (cofactor)
which holds iron atom