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Energy Metabolism (Concepts (Sunlight (directly (photosynthesis (produces…

- - - - entropy increases
  - - - photosynthesis
        
        produces complex organic compounds
    - - respiration
        
        by itself, or an organism eats it
  - - - respire molecules
- - - - colors or wavelengths it contains
        
        sunlight
        
        pure white
        
        the color seen primarily
        
        blue
        
        noon
        
        red/orange
        
        sunset
        
        sunrise
        
        has little to no effect on photosynthesis
      - availabiltiy
        
        close to ground
        
        no coverage
        
        good reactions
        
        physical sun blockers
        
        trees
        
        low reactions
        
        walls, etc
        
        little to no reaction
        
        adaptations
        
        algae
        
        accept different wavelengths
        
        mostly green and blue
        
        understory plants
        
        gather different wavelengths
        
        dimmer light wavelengths
    - - light intensity/brightness
        
        available for photsythesis
        
        sunny day is great
        
        cloudy days receive less
        
        understory plants
        
        dim light
        
        low branches
        
        less light
        
        near the equator
        
        extreme amounts of sun
        
        plants at poles
        
        obstructed light from the atmosphere
        
        more light
        
        more absorption of CO2
        
        less light
        
        lower CO2 consumptions rates
      - light condensation point
        
        very dim light
        
        no photosynthesis
        
        too much direct light
        
        can kill plants
        
        adadptations
        
        wax coating
        
        dead trichomes
        
        hairs
  - - - on top
    - - bottom of leaf
    - - good for holding water
        
        low stomata
        
        less photosynthesis
  - - - stomata
        
        open during day
    - - could be trouble
      - adaptations
        
        reuse CO2
        
        very minimal
  - - - water use efficiency
    - - one molecule of 3-phosphateglycerate
      - one phosphoglycolate
        
        glycine
        
        serine
      - photorespiration
        
        must ensue to protect plant
        
        combination is toxic
        
        30% ATP used to photorespiration
  - - - improves conservation of water
      - permits photosynthesis
      - metabolism is simliar to C4 plants
    - - night
        
        allows for dewing
        
        condensation from low temperatures
        
        poor for photosynthesis
        
        cannot store ATP or NADPH
        
        CO2 stored on acids
        
        trapped by closed stomatas
        
        metabolized
        
        not very effective
      - day
        
        high heat encourages closed stomatas
    - - hot dry climates
        
        survival over rapid growth
        
        C3 plants cannot survive
        
        arid
        
        most C4 plants can't make it
    - - may stop photosynthesis before noon
- - - - allow pigments in every reaction
        
        molecules very large
        
        harder to control and move through membranes
      - smaller energy pigments
        
        controlled easier
        
        Process to make ATP
        
        relative of ATP involved
        
        Guanosine triphosphate
        
        high energy phosphate bonds
  - - - does not carry max electrons
    - - converts carbon and oxygen
        
        carbohydrates
        
        fats
        
        other compounds
        
        NAD+ and NADP+
        
        oxidizing agents
        
        NADH and NADHP
        
        reducing agents
        
        place electrons onto other molecules
  - - - small protien
      - contains a cofactor
        
        heme
      - big part of the chloroplasts
    - - moves electrons in a membrane
      - hydrocarbon taill
        
        hydrophobic
    - - small protien
      - carries electrons on copper
- - - - small segment of electromagnetic radiation spectrum
      - light
    - - absorbs certain wavelengths
        
        certain kind is not absorbed
        
        that is the color we see
        
        Pigment
      - Used as a wavelength light capturer
        
        takes that absorbed light and turns it into energy
      - Chlorophyll
        
        absorbs only some red and some blue
        
        plants absorb only 5% of usual able light
  - - - carbon dioxide
        
        becomes carbohydrates
    - - ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate RuBP
      - reacts with CO2
        
        the end result is 3-phosphoglycerate
    - - large complex enzyme
        
        up to 30% of protein on a leaf
        
        most about protein on earth
  - - - storage forms of energy and carbon
    - - short term storage
        
        ATP and NADPH
        
        used within a cell
        
        short life
      - Intermediate term storage
        
        glucose and sucrose
        
        stable
        
        moved from cell to cell
        
        last for weeks or months
      - Long term storage
        
        Starch
        
        large molecule to heavy to transport
        
        more stable than glucose
        
        lasts for years
        
        does not cause cell to absorb water
        
        Lipids
        
        more concentrated storage
        
        synthesized rapidly
        
        stored in large quantities