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The Iberian Peninsula during the Early Middle Ages (Periods of Al-Ándalus,…
The Iberian Peninsula during the Early Middle Ages
Al-Ándalus
Was originated because of
Rodrigo was selected as king
Some visigoths weren't accord
Ask muslims for military aid
Battle of Guadalete
Rodrigo death
Muslims conquered Toledo
In 714 all Iberian Peninsula was conquered
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Why muslim conquered so easier?
Desintegration of Visigoth Army
Measures applied to Christians and Jewish people
Efficiency of muslims soldiers
Alliance with some Visigoth Nobles
Periods of Al-Ándalus
Córdoba Caliphate (929-1031)
Abderramán III named himself caliph
The taifa Kingdoms (1031-1085)
Caliphate divided in little kingdoms
Independent Emirate (758-929)
Abderramán named himself Independent Emir
North African Empires (1085-1212)
Almoravids and Almohads invided taifas
Dependent Emirate (711-756)
Muslims controlled all (excepting the North)
Narid Kingdom of Granada (1212-1492)
Last period of Al-Andalus, they are conquered by catholics
Economy and society
Society
Non-muslims
Jews
Lived in Jewish quartiers
Slaves
Natives of Iberian Peninsula that didn't have money to pay taxes
Mozarabs
Natives of Iberian Peninsula that didn't convert
Muslims
Arabs
Originated from Arabian Peninsula
Berbers
From North Africa and converted to Islam
Muladies
Natives of Iberian Peninsula converted to Islam
Economy
Agriculture
Main economic activity
Non-irrigated crops
New technical advances
New crops
Trade
New trade routes in Peninsula
Strategic point
Minerals, craftwork, luxury products, oil and cotton
Culture and art
Culture
Córdoba
Cultural centre
Official language
Arabic
Development of arts and science
Art
Absence of humans figures
Use cheap materials
Rich decoration
Visigothic artistic elements
Horseshoe arches
Red and white keystones
Capitals and columns
Córdoba Mosque
Architectural element
Alminar
Tower where the muezzin called people to go Mosque
Haram
Place to pray
Mihrab
Place where the Quran is stolen