Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
SPINE TRAUMA (THORACOLUMBAR (VERTEBRAL BODY FRACTURES (COMPRESSION FX ant…
SPINE TRAUMA
CERVICAL
mc C2 & C6, posterior arch, body, disc
INDIRECT SIGNS
displaced pre-vertebral fat stripe, tracheal deviation, loss of lordosis, acute kyphosis, torticollis, widened interspinous space, VB rotation
bow-tie sign
, increased ADI, disc space, annular / nuclear damage
DIRECT SIGNS
disrupted George's line (post vertebral alignment line), degenerative changes i.e. intercallary bones, vacuum cleft phenomenon from hyperextension, VB rotation
ATLAS
Mach effect, mc posterior arch fx, BL if hyperextension
JEFFERSON'S FX
burst fx from axial compression, min 2 fx, increased peridontal space, lateral displacement of lateral masses if > 3mm = fx
STEELE'S RULE OF 3RD
divides atlas ring into 1/3 cord, 1/3 space, 1/3 odontoid, to calculate amount of atlas displacement
AXIS
p816
dens should NOT angle ANTERIOR / to side >5 degrees
ANOMALIES
os terminale, os odeontoideum
ODONTOID FX
TYPE I
avulsion of
TIP
of odontoid process due to apical / alar lig stress
TYPE II
MC UNSTABLE NON-UNION fx at
JUNCTION
of odontoid process & body of axis
TYPE III
fx
DEEP WITHIN
C2 VB
HANGMAN'S FX
TRAUMATIC SPONDYLOLISTHESIS, MC, fx of pedicles of C2 / neural arch of axis, hyperextension injury, teardrop fx
TEARDROP FX
MC, avulsion of triangular shaped fragment from anteroinferior corner of C2
LOWER CERVICAL SPINE
BURST / COMPRESSION FX
axial compression force, unstable PLL
TEARDROP / CORNER FX
shearing / avulsive forces on ALL, hyperflexion
UNILATERAL FACET DISLOCATION
bow-tie sign, hyperflexion, George's line interrupted
BILATERAL FACET DISLOCATION
perched (bird) facets, hyperflexion, mc C4-7
THORACOLUMBAR
3 COLUMN CONCEPT
anterior column (ALL), middle column (PLL), posterior column (posterior arch)
VERTEBRAL BODY FRACTURES
COMPRESSION FX
ant column, MC T12-L1, kyphoplasty
BURST FX
axial compression
LIMBUS BONE / SCHMORL'S NODE
p302 intraosseous disc herniation, Schmorl's through endplate limbus, MC L4
SEAT BELT / CHANCE FX
horizontal fx thru SP, laminae, pedicles, TVP, post VB; hyperflexion, MC L1-3
SMITH'S FX
horizontal fx thru
interspinous lig torn
TVP FX
MC L2-3, vertical fx, multiple levels
PARS FX / SPONDYLOLYSIS
stress, vertebra displacement, scotty dog with collar
OTHER CERVICAL STRUCTURES
NEURAL ARCH
CLAY SHOVELER'S
MC C7 SP moves inferior, double spinous sign, irregular margin, displaced inferiorly
LAMINA
MC C6
TVP
MC C7
ARTICULAR PILLAR
MC C6, compressive
RIBS
MC R4 - R9, linear lucency, cortical offset, passion fx (hugs), cough fx (stress),