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ELTA 081 A ROAD MAP to Scholarly Article Analysis (2.Authors (Moonsun Choi…

- - - - ①Introduction
        
        Literature review: authors point out that “In the extant literature, researchers confirm digital literacy and online civic engagement vary by individual background, and psychological characteristics...…Moreover, only superficial research on how psychological factors with regard to using the Internet impact individuals’ digital citizenship... “
        
        Purpose of research: authors state：“This study aim to understand what and how teachers need to become responsible, informed, and engaged digital citizens. Importantly, recommendations can inform educators’ training programs to better equip pre- service teachers with knowledge and skills as digital citizens, and structure professional development experiences for classroom teachers in order to achieve higher levels of digital citizenship.”
      - ②Background:
        explain the multidimensional concept of Digital citizenship ；three conditions of complexity of digital citizenship ; factors influencing users’ levels of digital citizenship
      - ③Methods: research questions, participants, procedure, measures, data analysis
      - ④Results
        
        For all subscales of the digital citizenship scale, except for IPA scale, participants on average scored above the scale median. Teachers scored highest with respect to TS while they scored lowest with regard to IPA.
        
        ISE positively correlated with five digital citizenship scales while IA less strongly and negatively correlated with TS, LGA, and NA and was not significantly related to IPA and CP.
        
        TS---IBG and IU factors did not affect on it. PC had much influence on it
        
        LGA--- all three predictor factors influenced it. IU factors played an important role in predicting LGA rather than other factors.
        
        NA--- all three factors influenced NA, but the PC influence more.
        
        IPA--- similar to NA.
        
        CP---similar to NA.
      - ⑤ Discussion and implications— find some phenomena in teachers’ digital citizenship and give some useful suggestions
        
        a. Teachers lack of IPA and CP to achieve higher levels of digital citizenship. ---Essay recommends:”To improve teachers' CP and IPA, educators need to pay attention to how they structure learning opportunities for teachers to participate online and critically think about their Internet use.”
        
        b. There is a strong correlations between ISE and digital citizenship. ---Essay recommends:”educators need to support teachers in being confident of using the Internet through advanced and higher levels of Internet based activities. ”
        
        c. ‘Years of work experience’ before becoming a teacher played an important role in predicting LGA, NA, IPA and CP . ---This result suggests that educators need to respect the importance of teachers' prior work experience in fields other than education.
        
        d. The use of SNSs for teaching had influence on NA, IPA, and CP.---This study suggests that educators need to focus on how actively teachers use social media to teach as part of their daily professional lives.
        
        e. IA was a positive predictor of CP. The teachers who do not trust online content tend to be more critical on online resources.---This study suggests that teachers need to successfully achieve online activities in democratic and varied ways.
      - ⑥Conclusion—summarize the results, limitation, future research
        
        a. limitation: 1Some of participants may not be representative all pre-service and in-service teachers in the U.S; 2The article says “This study was based on self-reported survey, which can be subject to participants’ response and bias.”; 3If other important variables in the three sets of predictors (individual backgrounds, Internet use, and psychological characteristics) were included, the result may change.
        
        b. future research: the researchers recommend “1.Study this issue in both P-12 school settings and teacher preparation programs. 2. Additional school related variables could be included to investigate the school effect on teachers' awareness and behaviors of digital citizenship. 3. Further research can conduct in-depth interviews with teachers. It would be more reliable and useful to reinforce the results of the study. “
        
        c summarize the results:
        1 ISE and five dimensions of digital citizenship have a positive correlation; 2The variables, ‘years for work experience’, ‘the use of SNSs for teaching’, and ‘Internet self-efficacy’ can predict teachers' level of digital citizenship; 3 Teacher educators need to understand how to engage teachers as responsible, informed, and engaged digital citizens, by accounting for teachers' personal backgrounds, Internet use, and self-efficacy towards successfully completing Internet-based activities.