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1905 Revolution (Bloody Sunday (9th January 1905
Father Gapon and a group…
1905 Revolution
Bloody Sunday
9th January 1905
Father Gapon and a group of striking workers wanted to present Tsar Nicholas II with a petition to demand social and political reform. This was a peaceful protest. And the security reacted to this and were ordered to control the protest forcefully. Depend on the source it is estimate that 100-1500 were killed and a modern estimate would suggest up to 200 killed and 800 were injured.
Public's image of the Tsar was changed from Little Father to Bloody Nicholas and this led to 400000 workers on strike. Soldiers and Sailor mutinies were formed in protest to the Tsar
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October Manifesto
This was created on the 17th of October 1905
Tar promised to elect assembly which was based off a British model
Representative Parliament also known as the Duma
The Prime Minister was Witte
Civil rights and Freedom was expanded on with this.
Types of Groups
•Bolsheviks
•Mensheviks
-These two were once just the Social Democratic Workers Party then split due to divided opinion
•Social Revolutionaries
•Kadets
•Octobrists
Sovietsz
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Dual Authority
Provisional Government
Prince Lvov was PM
Members of old Duma formed the Prov Govt
Liberals and Moderates
Wealthy, noble or landowning families
Most opposed Tsar
Some were Soviet Members
Due to not being elected by the people, they lacked legit authority and failed to win loyalty
Came to share Dual Authority with Petrograd Soviet.
Their Poilices
Immediate amnesty for all political prisoners
Freedom of Speech
Abolition of class, groups and religious restrictions
Retention of the military units that had taken place in the revolution that had overthrown the Tsar
Petrograd Soviet
Formed on the 28th Consisting of 600 workers and soldiers
"watchdog" for workers
Enjoyed more credibility, popularity and power than Prov Govt
Able to Restrain Prov Gov with their 'Soviet Order Number 1'
Placed soviets in control of armed forces
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Lenin's Return
His Key Slogans
"Peace, Bread and Land"
"All Power to the Soviets
April Thesis
4th April 1917
Blueprints for revolution
Expressed support for Soviets
Stated that Feb Rev was 1st stage of revolution
Feb Rev was not a proper class revolution calling it a "coup that transferred authority to bourgeoise, which basically the old, class based duma.
The outcomes:
Criticism from other socialists/ Bolsheviks- Calling him a madman
United Bolshevik Party
Ended period of genuine cooperation under Dual Authority
3rd April
Immediately condemned the Feb Rev
Unexpected by most Bolsheviks
Spoke his desire to overthrow Prov Govt
"Parliamentary- bougeois republic"
Reject cooperation with Prov Govt
End to "imperialist war"
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