1) laws which have been enacted in constitution or legislations.

It refers to the laws contained in the Federal and State Constitutions and in a code or a statute.

laws which are not contained in any statutes and can be found in case decisions. Also known as common law or case law

(Teacher, Law. (November 2013). Sources Of The Malaysian Legal System. Retrieved from https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/administrative-law/sources-of-the-malaysian-legal-system-administrative-law-essay.php?vref=1)

• Civil Law Act 1956
  (Revised 1972)
• Central Bank of Malaysia Act 1958 (Act 519)(Revised 1994) (Revised 1974)

Bring together simple Act or more on specific matters such as Interpretation Acts 1948 and 1967 (Consolidated and Revised 1989)

simply that portion of Malaysian law which is not being enacted by Parliament or the State Assemblies and which is not found in the written Federal and State Constitutions. This category of law comes from cases decided by the Courts and the local customs, which is otherwise known as common law.

Laws enacted by State Legislative Assemblies

English Law can be found in the English Common Law & Rules of Equity.

English Law is part of Malaysian Law. Refer to the Article 160 of the Federal Constitution: "Definition of law includes '' the common law in so far as it is in operation in the Federation or any part thereof''.

To what extend the English law is applicable - refer to Section 3 and Section 5 of the Civil Law Act 1956.

Body of rules or judicial decisions developed by the old common law courts - Cour of Exchequer, Court of Common Plea and Court of King's Beach.

The rules laid down are based on customs and practices common throughout England.

In general, Common law is the unwritten or unenacted law of England which are solely based on the decisions of the court.

Equity is a branch of English law which developed hundreds of years ago when litigants would go to the King and complain of harsh or inflexible rules of common law which prevented "justice" from prevailing.

It was after the birth of the common law system to resolve disputes where damages were an unsuitable remedy and to introduce fairness into the legal system.

It is based on a judicial assessment of fairness as opposed to the strict and rigid rule of common law.

statement of law that has been applied to the issue of that particular case.
It is basically the legal principle of the case.

Statement of law made by a judge as an additional illustration to the case.

A decision of a superior court of law, cited as an authority, in support of one's argument, to be adopted by a judge in making his decision.

Customary Law are Personal laws which are applicable to particular racial, religious or ethnic groups.

It can be define as a regular pattern of social behaviour which has been accepted by the bulk of a given society as binding upon its members.

Chinese in Perak and Selangor & Straits settlement were subject to Chinese officials or "Kapitan China".

The Chinese were allowed to follow Chinese customs in family matters.

Article 4(1): considered as the supreme law in Malaysia.

Matters of polygamous marriage and joint family property had been discussed by the judiciary.

The application of customary law is more extensive than in Peninsula Malaysia

Article 159 of Federal Constitution
1) deals with constitutional amendment
2) Parliament can amend the Federal Constitution by passing a law

Sabah- Local Government Ordinance 1961
(outlines the responsibility and function of local councils in Sabah)

Sarawak- Local Authorities Ordinance 1996

Judicial Control

• Court has power to mak judicial review and declared the sl would be ultra vires either substantive and procedural

Legislative Control

• Legislature will delegated power by an enabling statue

Consultation

• Reference is made to professional bodies or experts

Publication of Subsidiary Legislation

state laws and published in the State Gazettes

Article 71(4) says that the federal constitution has the power to amend state constitutions if they do not contain the essential provisions