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HALLUX RIGIDUS & LIMITUS (AETIOLOGY (Age increased incidence,…

- - - - functional
        
        ROM
        
        dorsiflexion reduce
        
        when wgt bearing
      - X ray
        
        no joint changes
      - IPJ
        
        hyperextension
    - - adaptive
        joint changes
        
        periarticular lipping
        
        dorsal exostosis forming
      - X ray
        
        1st MPJ head
        flattening
      - ROM
        
        passive reduced
        Pain
        
        end range
    - - ankylosing
      - joint
        changes
        
        asymmetrical narrowing
        
        severe flattening of 1st MPJ head
        
        osteophytes dorsally
      - ROM
        marked reduction
        
        pain
        full range
    - - arthrodesis
      - joint space
        obliteration
      - ROM<10
      - deformity
        +- malalignment