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fish IDEA: Disability Categories (Developmental Delay (Greg) Low…

- - - - Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
        
        Positive Reinforcement: rewards for demonstrating targeted positive behavior
        
        Includes personalized treatment goals
        
        A(antecedent) B(behavior) C(consequence)
      - TEACCH
        
        Physical Organization and Structure
        
        Individualized Schedules
        
        Work Systems
        
        Visual structure of materials in tasks and activities
      - Verbal Behavior Therapy (VB)
        
        Focuses on WHY we use words
        
        4 Word Types:
        Mand (Request)
        Tact (Comment)
        Intraverbal (Answer)
        Echoic (Repeat)
        
        Errorless Learning: instruction design to prevent or limit errors by using prompts that are slowly removed as the learner engages in targeted behavior
    - - Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
        
        May supplement or replace speech
        
        Unaided or aided
        
        Picture Exchange Communication System
        (PECS)
        
        Visual Board
      - Low Technologies
        
        Weighted pencils
        
        Sign language
        
        Printed word boards
        
        Trampolines, jump ropes, or other simple physical activity technology
      - Check out this video!
        Toddler Uses Assistive Technology
- - - - Devices to Access Information
        
        Speech recognition software
        
        Screen Reading Software
        
        Augmentative & Alternative Communication devices (Ex. Communication Boards)
        
        Academic Software Packages for Students with Disabilities)
      - Devices for Positioning & Mobility
        
        Canes
        
        Walkers
        
        Crutches
        
        Crutches
        
        Wheelchairs
        
        Specialized Exercise Equipment
        
        Specialized Chairs, desks, & tables for proper posture development
    - - Elevator Access
      - Careful Scheduling (So as to avoid unnecessary/complicated hallway back-and-forth class navigation)
      - Exemptions where necessary (especially for Physical activities)
      - Appropriate Seating Arrangements (Ex. Front of class near the door)
      - Special Seating Arrangements for Posture/Movements
      - Instruction focused on gross & fine motor skills
      - Securing suitable augmentative communication & other assistive devices
      - Awareness of medical condition & its effect on student (such as getting tired quickly)
      - Therapists
        
        Physical Therapists
        
        Occupational Therapists
        
        Speech-Language Pathologists who work with the student on problems with speech & language
        
        Adapted P.E. Teachers who are specially trained PE teachers who work along with the OT and PT to develop an exercise program to help students with disablilities
        
        Other Therapists
- - - - Augmenting Devices
        
        These are usually assistive listening or increasing volume devices.
        
        Amplified Telephones
        
        Audio-visual FM Systems
        
        Sound-field Systems
        they improve they learning environment for the entire class by enhancing speech understanding.
        
        Infra Red Systems
      - Transforming Devices
        
        These type of technology is easy to access now and has been available for many years. No school needs to break the bank to provide these tools to students with special needs.
        
        Text to Speech Materials
        
        Captioning Services
        (There are free programs available for schools.)
        
        Face to face communication systems
        
        Adaptive Telephones
        
        Includes translation and text to speech devices.
- - - - Low tech includes paper and pencil, written symbols, photographs, letter boards, visual scene displays, and thematic dictionaries
        Wristwatch with an alarm
        calendars, to do lists, sticky notes, daily planners
        memory notebooks
      - High Tech includes speech-generating devices to communicate, microswitches to allow interaction with their environment, Smartphones, tablets, laptops, pagers, PDAs, electronic diaries, instant messaging programs, and Internet calendars, virtual reality simulators, and voice prompting systems
    - - the use of personally relevant, contextualized images may promote more accurate communication for individuals with TBI
        Visual scene displays. Similar to personally relevant, contextualized images, visual scene displays place an individual’s personal experiences, information, and interests into a concrete format
        audio-record lectures and/or request a note taker as a reasonable accommodation in class
        Systems like Livescribe. These systems use a pen to record audio and sync it with handwritten notes. The individual can take very general notes, and then when reviewing the notes, can listen to audio playback matching the time the notes were taken
        Ensuring appropriate seating and access to the computing tasks is critical to minimize fatigue and maximize ability to focus and concentrate
        Word prediction may help with text entry, pointers and voice prompts are helpful for computing
        Accommodations for students with TBI, (Abbie Doodle, 2014)
- - - - ADD/ADHD
        
        If the child is easily distracted,
        seat the student front and center, away from distractions.
        
        If the child acts out to gain negative attention, seat the student near a good role model.
        
        If the child is unaware of personal space, increase the distance between desks.
        
        If the child is unable to keep up with the work, break long assignments into smaller parts or shorten assignments and work periods.
      - Asthma
        
        Adapt activity level for physical education, recess, etc.
        
        Train for proper dispensing of medications
        
        Monitor side effects of medications
        
        Remove allergens (perfume, lotion, paint, room spray, etc.)
      - Diabetes
        
        Find out when lunch is served so that you can plan insulin treatments
        
        Learn the symptoms that indicate when the student is in need of of insulin.
        
        Keep a supply of sugar/snacks in your desk (or in the clinic).
        
        Never leave the child alone if they are having an insulin reaction.
      - Epilepsy
        
        Offer ongoing support and stay calm.
        
        Educate other students about Epilepsy.
    - - Epilepsy
        
        Picture Exchange Communication Systems
        
        Electronic Organizers
        
        Auto-Dial Feature in Telephones
        
        Browser options for animation and audio
        
        Monitor Glare Guards
        
        Flicker-free monitors
      - Diabetes
        
        GlucoFit: an application designed for diabetics to help them manage and monitor their blood sugar (glucose) level
      - Asthma
        
        Hypoallergenic Bedding
        
        Immunotherapy
        
        Tracking Devices and Mobile Applications
        
        Bronchial Thermoplasty
        
        Air purifiers
      - ADD/ADHD
        
        Any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially or whether off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of people with disabilities" (Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1988).
      - Other Health Impairment
        
        Low tech tools include inexpensive tools that do not require batteries. Some examples of these tools include binders, rubber stamps, pencil grips and finger grip rulers.
        
        High tech tools include those tools that are expensive/use batteries. Some examples of these tools include computers, PDAs and wheel chairs.
        
        Retrieved from (OTHER HEALTH IMPAIRMENT IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOhttps://ohitt.weebly.com/assistive-technology.html)
        
        Mid tech tools include devices that require batteries. Examples of these include tape recorders, label makers and voice pods.
- - - - Computer Adaptations: Braille translation software: converts print into Braille and Braille into text ProjectIDEAL;
        
        Adaptive Devices:Braille notetakers: lightweight electronic note-taking device that can be connected to a printer or a Braille embosser to produce a printed copy ProjectIDEAL
        
        Teaching Strategies: Exploring objects should be done in a "nondirective" way, allowing the individual who is deafblind to have controlProjectIDEAL]
- - - - Other Accomodations
        
        Positive Behavioral Support (PBS)
        
        Functional Behavior Assessment
        
        Sensory-based breaks
        
        Extinction: tactical ignoring of behavior
        
        Positive Reinforcement
        
        Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
      - Assistive Technology
        
        Low Technology
        
        Point Sheets
        
        Behavior Charts
        
        Vision Boards
        
        Multi-sensory Integrated Technology Programs
        
        Nintendo Wii
        
        BrainPop
        
        Educreations
- - - - Assistive Technologies
        
        Communication
        
        For those with communication difficulties technology can help communicate. For example, message boards, computerized voice output, or synthesized speech.
        
        Mobility
        
        For children with mobility impairment technology wheelchairs and other mobility aids can help.
        
        Education
        
        In the class room technology can help especially with aiding communication. Computer assisted instruction can help, Word recognition, math, spelling and other computer assistance will help. Computers have also been found to help promote interaction between peers.
- - - - Educators need to combine the specific technologies addressing to issues relating to hearing, vision, communication, mobility.
        
        Often however, technologies like writing support tools (eg. Clicker) will be very useful. Simple technologies like large keyboards, transparent reading aids, magnifying bars will help.
        
        See resources in this mind map for other specific technologies relating to physical disabilities, hearing issues, etc.
      - The technologies needed to help students with multiple disorders depend on the specific issues involved.
- - - - -give preferential seating within the classroom
      - -Monitor the student’s understanding of classroom material frequently.
      - -Provide praise to the student when he or she completes a task independently, especially if the task was completed through effective communication.
  - - - Devices, software, smartphone applications, electronic communication boards, and keyboards.
      - Many high-tech AAC devices are Speech Generating Devices, which means they can produce digitized speech when the user either types a message or presses on images, words, or letters.
    - - Devices intended to help improve the fluency of people with stutters. They do this by playing the sound of the user's own voice back into their ear.
- - - - Assistive Technologies
        
        Dyscalculia
        60% of children with dyslexia also show problems with numbers
        
        Talking calculator
        
        Graphic Organizers
        
        Graphic Organizers
        can help kids lay out math problems step-by-step. It can be digital or you can teach kids how to draw them with just pen and paper.
        
        Equation Solving Tools
        do not help kids solve problems like calculators do, but helps kids how to figure out problems instead.
        
        Manipulatives
        a good example for these could be virtual or physical objects in computers or tablets that allow students do calculations by moving beads.
        
        Dyslexia
        
        Portable spell checkers
        
        Smartpens
        
        Portable scanners
- - - - Service animal
        
        Seating near the front of the class or the teacher’s location and/or near media devices
        
        Digital copies of notes and tests
        
        Verbal description of visual materials
        
        Tour of the classroom(s) and verbal description of contents
        
        Proper descriptors used i.e. (numerator and denominator instead of top and bottom)
        
        Tests can be taken in another location that allows for audio, or student can be given headphones to ‘hear’ the test rather than read it
    - - Low-Tech: Large print books, magnifiers, high-contrast colour acetate, eye glasses, braille materials
        
        Mid-Tech: Books on tape/CD/mp3, magnification software, closed circuit television, talking calculator, screen magnification software, screen colour contrast, screen reader, text reader
        
        High-Tech: adapted keyboard, screen reading software, braille translation software, enlarged or braille/tactile labels, enlarged keys, braille keyboard and note taker