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Lipids (what are they? (3 types (triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids),…

- - - - the electrons in the outershells are evenly distributed;
        
        no positive or negative areas (dipoles)
- - - - stores without affecting the water potential of the cell
  - - - acts as a heat insulator
  - - - helps aquatic mammals stay afloat
- - - - regulates stability and fluidity
        
        prevents it from being too stiff or fluid
  - - - can pass through the membrane
- - - - has 3 carbon atoms, 3 OH groups, and 5 H's
      - has an alcohol group (-OH)
    - - has a carboxyl group (-COOH)
        
        has a hydrocarbon chain attached
        
        2 to 20 carbons long
      - can ionise into H+ions and COO-ions
        
        charges balance out
        
        acidic structure
      - saturated fatty acids (no C=C bonds)
        
        more often found in aniamls
        
        solid at room temp
        
        more saturated fatty acids = a lower melting point
      - unsaturated fatty acids have a C=C bond
        
        means fewer H atoms can be bonded
        
        more often found in plants
        
        changes the shape of the molecule
        
        creates a kink
        
        pushes molecules slightly apart
        
        creates fluidity
        
        monounsaturated; a single C=C bond
        
        polyunsaturated; multiple C=C bonds
- - - - found in the cytoplasm of every cell
      - soluble in water
    - - non polar/ hydrophobic fatty acid tails
      - polar/hydrophilic phosphorus head
      - form a layer on the surface of water
        
        called surface agents/ surfactants
    - - key role in cell membrane formation
        
        selectively permeable
        
        small and non-polar molecules can only pass through without assistance
        
        CO2 and O2