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Teach Now Group Project:Assistive Technologies for Intervention…

- - - - NOTE: it make take students longer to read large text because they are unable to skim the text and this kind of reading may cause headaches related to eye strain, so please be patient wiht your students.
    - - NOTE: Students using braille text are going to take a lot longer to read the assignment as they cannot simply skim the text.
- - - - Speech-to-Text Technologies-there are software programs that covert the spoken word into readable text. Students can use tablets and computers.
      - Students can use alternative input devices, such as a mouse, trackball, and eye-tracking technology.
      - Students with very remedial speech can use a computer with a voice synthesizer.
    - - Student should meet with the school's speech pathologist one-three times a week. Make sure to sit the student in the front of the class.
        
        Give the student additional time to complete assignments or make up work.Substitute written papers or projects for oral presentations or allow the student to demonstrate what they've learned one-on-one with you.
        
        Work with your school's speech pathologist to facilitate the best way to communicate with your student. Make sure to understand the student's IEP of 504 Plan.
- - - - Extra time to transition between activities, as well as extra time for assignments and assessments.
      - Breaking assignments into manageable steps.
      - Clear, consistent schedules for daily and weekly activities with a minimum of unstructured time (Project IDEAL).
- - - - Environmental Modifications:
        
        Post class rules (pictures & words)
        
        Post daily schedule (pictures & words)
        
        Give preferential seating
        
        Change to another class
        
        Change schedule (most difficult in morning)
        
        Eliminate distractions (visual, auditory, olfactory)
        
        Modify length of school day
        
        Provide frequent breaks
        
        Provide place for quiet time
        
        Maintain consistent schedule
        
        Move class site to avoid physical barriers (stairs)
        
        Provide system for transition
        
        Position appropriately
        
        Explain disabilities to students
        
        Use color-coded materials
      - Content
        Modifications :
        
        Reduce length of assignments
        
        Change skill/task
        
        Modify testing mode/setting
        
        Allow extra time
        
        Teach study skills
        
        Teach sequencing skills
        
        Teach visual imagery
        
        Teach memory strategies
        
        Write assignments in daily log
      - Method of Instruction Modification
        
        Repeat directions
        
        Increase active participation
        
        Teacher circulate around room
        
        Provide visual prompts (board/desk)
        
        Provide immediate feedback (self correcting seat work)
        
        Point out similarities to previous learning/work
        
        Use manipulative materials
        
        Use frequent review of key concepts
        
        Teach to current level of ability (use easier materials)
        
        Speak loud or slow or rephrase
        
        Preteach/Reteach
        
        Highlight/underline material
        
        Use peer tutor/partner
        
        Use small group instruction
        
        Use simple sentences
        
        Use individualized instruction
        
        Pause frequently
        
        Discuss errors and how they were made
        
        Use cooperative learning
        
        Use instructional assistants
        
        Encourage requests for clarification, repetition, etc.
        
        Elicit responses when you know student knows the answer
        
        Demonstrate & encourage use of technology (instructional and assistive)
      - Behavioral Modifications
        
        Learn to organize signs of stress
        
        Give non verbal cues to discontinue behavior
        
        Reinforce positive behavior (4:1)
        
        Use mild, consistent consequences
        
        Set goals with student
        
        Use key students for reinforcement of target student
        
        Use group/individual counseling
        
        Provide opportunity to role pay
        
        Use proactive behavior management strategies
    - - Definition: Assistive technology device means any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of a child with a disability. The term does not include a medical device that is surgically implanted, or the replacement of such device.
        
        Talking spell checker/dictionary
        
        Talking word processing software
        
        Concept mapping software/templates
        
        Word prediction software
        
        Multimedia software
        
        Keyguard for keyboard
        
        Macros/shortcuts on computer
        
        Abbreviation/expansion
        
        Accessibility option on computer
        
        Screen reader software
        
        Alternate keyboards
        
        Voice recognition software
        
        Communication cards or boards
        
        Voice output communication device
        
        Adaptive paper
        
        Single word scanners
        
        Enlarged text/magnifiers
        
        Recorded text/books on tape/e-text/ipod/MP3 player
        
        Scanned text with OCR software
        
        Voice output reminders
        
        Electronic organizers/PDA’s/Palm computers
        
        Pagers/electronic reminders
        
        Large display calculators
        
        Talking calculators
        
        Voice input calculators
        
        Math software
        
        Portable word processor
        
        Picture supported software
- - - - Audio/Visual FM System-this system has the teacher wearing a camera/headset and the student then has a monitor/receiver on his/her desk.
      - Soundfield Systems: these systems send the teacher's voice from a microphone to one or more speakers positioned near the student.
      - Translation Services: This allows the teacher's words to be transcribed (by a trained person using a keyboard) to text displayed on the screen of a laptop or other device. Examples include CART, C-Print , and Typewall.
      - Adaptive computer equipment and software can be provided for home use.
      - The use of captioned audio and video productions supports equal access to content.
      - Face-to-face Communications: a teacher and a student can type messages back and forth on devices consisting of two keyboards and displays.
  - - - Provide an interpreter.
        
        Use an amplification system
        
        Make sure to seat the student in front of the classroom to maximize the intake of visual cues.
        
        Provide extended time for exams.
- - - - Neuromotor Impairment
        A neuromotor impairment is one that has caused damage to or is considered to be an, 'abnormality,' of the child's spinal cord, brain, or nervous system. Neuromotor impairments are ones that are acquired either at or prior to the birth of the child and many times result in complex motor issues that may affect a number of their body systems.
      - Cerebral Palsy
        Cerebral Palsy is a general term that refers to a number of non-progressive disorders which affect voluntary movement and posture that are caused by malfunctions or damages to a person's brain and occur prior to or during birth, or within the first few years of the person's life.
      - Spina Bifida
        Spina Bifida is a form of developmental disability involving a person's spinal column. Spina bifida is characterized by an opening in the spinal column, often in combination with paralysis of portions of the person's body.
      - Degenerative Diseases
        Degenerative diseases are comprised of a number of diseases which affect a person's motor development. The more common degenerative disease found among school-age persons is muscular dystrophy, a group of inherited diseases that are characterized by progressive muscle weakness due to degeneration of the person's muscle fibers.
- - - - Use of real materials or actual tools in natural environments. For example, the use of manipulative or concrete objects for a math lesson.
        
        Literacy software that utilizes universal design for learning principles. This software combines reading for meaning with direct instruction for decoding and understanding.
        
        Audio and video based curriculum (Intellectual Disabilities, n.d.)
    - - Teach one concept or activity component at a time
        
        Teach one step at a time to help support memorization and sequencing
        
        Teach students in small groups, or one-on-one, if possible
        
        Always provide multiple opportunities to practice skills in a number of different settings
        
        Use physical and verbal prompting to guide correct responses, and provide specific verbal praise to reinforce these responses
        
        Provide direct instruction in a number of skill areas outside of the general curriculum such as money concepts, time, concepts, independent living skills, hygiene, etc
        
        Use physical and verbal prompting to guide correct responses, and provide specific verbal praise to reinforce these responses.
        
        Provide multiple opportunities to practice skills in a number of different settings.
    - - Complications during pregnancy. An intellectual disability can result when the baby does not develop inside the mother properly. For example, there may be a problem with the way the baby’s cells divide. A woman who drinks alcohol or gets an infection like rubella during pregnancy may also have a baby with an intellectual disability.
      - Problems during birth. If there are complications during labor and birth, such as a baby not getting enough oxygen, he or she may have an intellectual disability.
      - Genetic conditions. Sometimes an intellectual disability is caused by abnormal genes inherited from parents, errors when genes combine, or other reasons. Examples of genetic conditions are Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and phenylketonuria (PKU).
      - Diseases or toxic exposure. Diseases like whooping cough, the measles, or meningitis can cause intellectual disabilities. They can also be caused by extreme malnutrition, not getting appropriate medical care, or by being exposed to poisons like lead or mercury.
        (Specialolympics.org, 2018)
- - - - Assistive Technologies
        
        Visual aids in classroom
        
        Clearly defined schedules & routines
        
        Supportive technology for keyboard & computer usage
        
        Speech-to-text technology
        
        Dragon (tm)
        
        ReadWrite Toolbar for Google
        
        Covers for keys not being used
        
        Clear & enlarged labels for keys
    - - Make available several communication media
      - 1:1 Aide for frequent intervention
      - "Buddy" system for modeling behavior & skills
      - Prompting
    - - Self-contained Special Education classroom setting
      - Supportive therapies
        
        Occupational therapy
        
        Speech therapy
- - - - Reading,
      - Writing,
      - Listening
      - Speaking
      - Reasoning
      - Math
    - - Computer-assisted instruction provides students with dynamic feedback.
      - Computer-assisted instruction can help students practice spelling and multiplication drills.
      - In order to prevent the technology from being a distraction, students need to be taught how to use technology to support their learning
      - Text-to-speech
      - Word prediction software
      - Graphic Organizers
- - - - Four areas of need
        
        Social Emotional
        
        Learning
        
        Physical
        
        Medical
      - Multiple causes
        
        Genetic
        
        Environmental Factors
        
        Nutrisional
      - Strategies
        
        Resources and supports needed for the student to achieve his goals should be defined and addressed.
        
        One area of support that can be particularly effective for all involved is peer tutoring. Peer tutoring has been proven to have positive results for students with multiple disabilities in a number of separate research studies.
        
        Specific steps to success need to be identified, and timelines set for each educational objective.
        
        Assistive technology can be an effective tool for students with multiple disabilities in overcoming functional and communicative limitations. A variety of evaluations should be conducted by qualified professionals to determine the appropriate technological support for the needs of the individual student.
        
        Technology for Students with Multiple Disabilities
        
        IntelliKeys offer a programmable keyboard that allows students who can't use the traditional keyboard and mouse to develop literacy skills through pictures and text on a computer.
        
        Clicker5 is a writing-support tool that enables student to write sentences by selecting words, phrases and pictures. You can even hear words spoken by realistic software speech before you write; and hear completed sentences spoken back to you!
        
        IntelliTools incorporates multimedia modeling, animation, and auditory support to assist students to develop challenging concepts.
        
        Smart Boards By Wendy Buckley, Perkins School for the Blind
        This webcast offers an overview of various tools that can be used with a Smart Board. Smart Boards, interactive white boards, are a presentation system consisting of a whiteboard, computer, projector and tools. These include free web resources, commercially available software and alternative access devices for both a keyboard and a mouse. Extensive resource lists are included.
        
        Adaptive Equipment to Promote Literacy Learn more about options for increasing accessibility for students with multiple disabilities.
        
        The planning process should be a multidisciplinary process, including parents, teachers, physical therapists, assistive technology teachers, and any number of additional support staff.
        
        Sign language is the most obvious choice of communicative skills that can aid communication and can be very effective in developmentally capable individuals with dual sensory impairments.
- - - - Bathroom
      - Water
      - Question
      - Comment
      - Answer
    - - ASL
      - Cued Speech
      - Signed English
  - - - Including teacher's ability to assess function
- - - - B. An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers
      - C. Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances;
      - D. A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression
      - E. A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems. The term includes schizophrenia.