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Chapter 14: The Nation Divided (Compromises Fail (The Kansas-Nebraska Act,…
Chapter 14: The Nation Divided
Growing Tensions Over Slavery
Slavery and the Mexican-American War
The Wilmot Proviso
David Wilmot proposed: Ban new slave states
MO Compr. Didn't apply to new territory
Didn't pass, but was huge threat
An Antislavery Party
New Party
Cass wanted pop. sov.
Zachary Taylor as president
Free-Soil Party
4 free & 4 slave stated joined
New territory threatens balance
A Bitter Debate
Henry Clay proposed compromise
John C. Calhoun voted against compromise 4 weeks from death
South wanted fugitive return
Calhoun wrote: Two way to preserve South: Amendment or Secession
No balance, South threatened to secede
Daniel Webster supported Clay; only way to end sectionalism
California was free state
Compromises Fail
The Compromise of 1850
To Please the North
California is a free state
No slave trade in D.C.
To Please the South
Pop. Sov. for new territory
North forced to return fugitives
Outrage in the North
All blacks forced to slavery, even if never slave
Northerners did whatever they could to resist Act
North resisted
When enforced, north more convinced slavery bad
Taylor's replacement supported compromise
Congress passed series of laws called Compromise of 1850
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Uncle Tom, slave, abused by his master
Stowe's book opened up people's eyes to slavery
Harriet Beecher Stowe deeply affected by Act
South called it propaganda
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
South objected; would throw off balance
Kansas-Nebraska Act undid MO Comp. to be decided by pop. sov.
New territories: Nebraska & Kansas
South supported
Stephen Douglas wanted railroad through Nebraska-Illinois
North objected
Bleeding Kansas
Growing Violence
John Brown killed 5 antislavery people at Pottawatomie Creek.
Fighting throughout Kansas, called Bleeding Kansas
2 govs. both claiming to be Kansas's
Bloodshed in the Senate
Charles Sumner bead Southerners
Preston Brooks beat Sumner to unconscious
Brooks only show's South's tyranny over blacks
Only 3 of 39 legislators supported slavery; South demanded re-vote
Both North & South wanted Kansas
The Nation Divides
Southern States Secede
Gov. mostly anit-slavery
South now Confederate States of America
South thought they had no voice
The Confederate States of America
Not all southern states seceded
Made a constitution
Election of 1860
John Bell for pres. to help keep country whole
Douglass wanted to keep the union whole
John Brekinridge for Democrat pres.
Lincoln won
Abraham Lincoln for Republican Pres.
Sense of Crisis
Slavery split U.S.
The Civil War Begins
Fort Sumter
Food sent
Wouldn't surrender
Fort captured
Was War Avoidable?
Debating prevention
Both sides accepted war
Attack on Sumter started war
Friendship rejected
Lincoln promised frendship
The Crisis Deepens
A New Antislavery Party
Republicans took over Democrats
Republicans elected John C. Fremont, loses to James Buchanan
Republican party to stop westward slavery
The Dred Scott Decision
The Court Decides
Roger B. Taney said no
Congress cannot manipulate slavery
Reaction
Fredric Douglass said would bring more Northerners to the cause
Northerners stunned
Abraham Lincoln speaks out about the matter
Slavery legal everywhere
Dred Scott lived w/ an army doc.
Scott had sued for freedom
Dred Scott v. Stanford
The Lincoln-Douglass Debate
A House Divided
Lincoln voted for republican pres.
Lincoln never said he wanted to abolish slavery, South thinks he's abolitionist
Debating Slavery
If slavery was fine, it would die down on its own
Douglass won senate election
States have a right to be free or slave
Never wanted to make blacks & whites equal, but sees no reason why not
Lincoln challenged Douglass to debate
Lincoln was a Whig, not for long
Stephen Douglass Lincoln's main rival
John Brown's Raid
He and gang raided town in Virginia
Was captured afterward
Brown fled from Kansas to New England
Brown connected his actions to bible
North mourned, South enraged