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Ch 10 Photosynthesis (Environmental and Internal Factors (Crassulacean…
Ch 10 Photosynthesis
Environmental and Internal Factors
Light
Quality
colors or wavelength
Quantity
intensity or brightness
greatest at noon
also consider shape and size of plant
Duration
Number of hours a day sunlight is available
summer=better :sunflower:
Leaf Structure
depends on where plant is located
some have water loss reductions
can lengthen photosythesis
less stomata
also lengthen photosynthesis
Water
very important to photosynthesis
CO2 is gone water cant react
especially at night
stomata close
C4 Metabolism
photorespiration
energy wasting process
mechanism CO2 is absorbed and O is kept away
happens in Kranz anatomy
monocots in hot climates
advantageous in warm dry conditions
25oC-30oC
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
metabolic adaptation improves conservation of water
occurs at night
not particularly efficient
selectively advantageous
hot dry climate
appears in
cactus family
orchids
bromeliads
lilies
euphorbias
Energy and Reducing Power
Energy Carriers
energy enters world through photosynthesis
3 methods ADP>ATP
photophosphorylation
light energy in photosynthesis
occurs only in chloroplasts
substrate-level phosphorylation
high energy phosphate groups
oxidative phosphorylation
ADP phosphorylated to ATP
occurs in all of plant
Reducing Power
Earth atm = 21% oxygen
oxidized=atoms do not carry as many electrons as it could.
oxidative state=number of e- during redox reactions
covalent bonds
electrons added=reduced
reduces positive charger
hydrogen
reducing agents=give electrons away
electron lost=oxidized
increases positive charger
oxygen
oxidizing agents= take electrons away
reducing power=ability to force electrons onto compounds
Other Electron Carriers
Cytochromes
small proteins
holds iron "heme"
in chloroplasts thylakoid
carries electrons short distance
Plastoquinones
pick up 2 e, bind 2 p
hydrophobic
dissolve into chloroplasts membrane
Plastocyanin
small protein
holds copper
chloroplast membrane
Photosynthesis
The Light Dependent Reactions
Water and light create intermediate ATP and NADPH
Electromagnetic Radiation Spectrum
gamma rays
x-rays
uv light
infrared lights
microwaves
radiowaves
VISIBLE LIGHT
400-750 nm
pigment
absorbs certain wavelength and has specific color
CRITICAL
chlorophyll a
absorbs quanta
accessory pigments
molecules that strongly absorbs wavelength not absorbed by chlorophyll a
most common
chlorophyll b
carotenoids
Photosystems 1
P700
absorb red light
Photosystems 2
P680
Stroma Reactions
ATP and NADPH interacts with CO2=carbs
(Calvin/Benson Cycle)
operate 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and take out of chloroplasts
builds anything the plant needs
sugars
fats
amino acids
nucleic acids
Anabolic Metabolism
storage compunds
short term storage
ATP NADPH
intermediate term storage
sugars
long term storage
starches
most important
store starch=
chloroplasts and amyloplasts
gluconeogenesis
anabolic synthesis of glucose
