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Cervical cancer (Risk factors (HPV (16, 18), Multiple sexual partners,…

- - - - Colposcopy
        Indication: mold dyskaryosis and HPV +ve, moderate/severe dyskaryosis, glandular abnormalities, 3 consecutive inadequate smears, PCB, abnormal looking cervix on colposcopy
        MOA: camera into vagina to visualise cervix; use acetic acid
        (stains highly proliferative cells white) or Lugol's iodine (not taken up by neoplastic cells as glycogen deficient), may see vascular abnormalities (indicate possible cancer)
        Can biopsy (diagnostic) or directly treat (e.g. LLETZ)
      - MRI
        Indication: staging of cancer
        MOA: 4 stages of cervical ca
    - - Smear
        Histology: CIN 1 (1/3 thickness),
        CIN 2 (2/3 thickness), CIN 3 (full thickness)
        Abnormal cells from smear have inc nuclear>cyto ratio, odd shape and density, show infammation/infection/mitoses
      - HPV testing
        Indication: dysplasia on smear
        Method: test sample for HPV