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Energy Metabolism: Respiration : (Respiratory Quotient (RQ for fatty…
Energy Metabolism: Respiration :
Environmental Factors
influence rate of respiration
examples
temperature
very high temp decreases rate
low temp decreases rate
slightly high temp increases rate
oxygen availability
more variable for roots
influenced by flooding
internal regulation
metabolic control
Energy :explode:
lost as heat during reparation
maintains body temp
thermogenic respiration
generating large amounts of heat :fire:
alternative e- carriers
more efficient heat production
help survive stressful conditions
some plants
yeild per glucose
glycolysis
2 NADH
2 net ATP's :explode:
prep step
2 NADH
citric acid cycle
2 net ATP's :explode:
6 NADH
2 FADH2
electron transport chain
Respiration
#
types
aerobic :check:
#
O2 is e- receptor
obligate/strict aerobes
citric acid cycle
in mitochondria
pyruvate->acetyl CoA
prep step
2 net ATP's :explode:
#
electron transport chain
in mitochondria
e- passed to cytochromes
H2O released
proton gradient used to make ATP
about 30 net ATP's :explode: :!:
#
anaerobic :red_cross:
#
fermentation
plants & fungi
acetaldehyde->ethanol :warning:
animals
lactate/lactic acid :warning:
alcoholic beverages
beer
fermenting starchy cereal grains
wine
fermented fruit juices
spirits
ethanol content above 20%
no oxygen
obligate anaerobes
glycolysis
substrate level phosphorylation
2 net ATP's :explode:
#
accumulation of NADH
NADH recycled by NADH shuttle
facultatively aerobic/anaerobic
energy from inorganic compounds
lithotrophs
hydrogren sulfate & thiosulfate
respiration of lipids
beta oxidation
fatty acids->acetyl CoA
photorespiration
wasteful
net ATP depends on length of fatty acid
intermediates produced
pentose phosphate pathway
intermediates phosphorylated
source for fundamental compounds
2 net NADPH
#
reverse of photosyntheis :
Respiratory Quotient
6 O2 consumed->6 CO2 produced
RQ for glucose=1.0
RQ for fatty acids=0.7
fatty acids have little O2
measures gases exchanged
Integrated metabolism
#
photoautotrophs
conventional heterotrophs
photoheterotrophs
