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CH 3, Grammar-Based orientation (Characteristics: Based on the following…
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Empiricist Orientation
Characteristics: 1. Language is speech, not writing. 2. A language is a set of habits.
- Teach the language, not about the language.
- A language is what its native speakers say, not what someone thinks they ought to say.
- Languages are different.
Definition: Language teaching and learning based on behaviorist psychology and structural linguistics.
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Rationalist Orientation
Characteristics: 1. A living language is characterized by rule-governed creativity
- The rules of a grammar are psychologically real
- People are especially equipped to learn language
- A living language is a language in which we can think
Definition: Most current methods of second and foreign language teaching are based on this orientation, which comes from Chomsky's work in generative grammar and the research in cognitive psychology.
Example: The teacher models an expression only once and then students must work to reproduce the expression.
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