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Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis (Environmental and Internal Factors…
Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis
Energy and Reducing Power
Reducing Power
OIL = oxidation is losing electrons
RIG = reduction is gaining electrons
redox potential
Other Electron Carriers
Cytochromes
iron carries electron
intrinsic membrane proteins
carry electrons short distances
Plastoquinones
carry electrons short distances
hydrophobic :no_entry: :sweat_drops:
long hydrocarbon tail
Plastocyanin
carries electrons on metal atom
reduced
does not travel far :forbidden: :airplane:
Energy Carriers :zap:
Energy in chemical reactions
energized pigments = large molecules
ATP or GTP
photophosphorylation
substrate level
oxidative
Photosynthesis :deciduous_tree:
Thylakoid Reactions :bulb:
pigments
quanta absorbed ---> electron activated
fluorescence = release
Accessory pigments = absorb
transfer absorbed light
resonance - transfer
chlorophyll a vs. b :evergreen_tree:
reaction center = special a
antenna complex = set
p680 vs. p700
light dependent reactions :bulb:
ATP Synthesis
chemiosmotic phosphorylation
Grana --> thylakoids--->frets---> stroma---> lumen
ATP Synthetase - CF0-CF1 complex
non/cyclic electron transport
Photosystem 2
reduces P700 --> P680
Plastocyanin = oxidized
cytochrome b6/f complex
plastoquinone
phaeophytin
Photosystem 1
ferredoxin ---> ferredoxin NADP+ reductase ---> NADP+
P700
Stromal Reactions :red_cross: :bulb:
Calvin/Benson cycle :bicyclist:
C3 cycle :bicyclist:
RuBP = acceptor molecule + C02
enzyme (RuBP carboxylase)
essential to food production
PGA
PGA ---> electrons and energy ---> 1, 3 - diphosphoglycerate ---> PGAL
anabolic metabolism
larger than PGAL
constructive metabolism
short term shortage
intermediate term storage
long term storage
gluconeogenesis = glucose
PGAL ---> F1,6-bisphosphate ---> F6-phosphate ---> G6- phosphate ---> (amylose, amylopectin, or cellulose)
starch in chloroplasts or amyloplasts
Environmental and Internal Factors
leaf structure :leaves:
reduce external surface
water loss reduced
water :sweat_drops:
easily lost
stomata closed to conserve water
light :bulb:
Quality of sunlight
quantity of light
atmosphere allows for good sunlight
light intensity or brightness :sunny:
duration
C4 metabolism
C4 photosynthesis
photorespiration
enzyme PEP
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
oxygenic photosynthesis
bacteriochlorophylls
anoxygenic photosynthesis
selectively advantageous in hot/dry :desert:
continues evolving