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Protists Scarlett Barreto (Excavata (Diplomonads (have reduced…
Protists Scarlett Barreto
Excavata
Diplomonads
have reduced mitochondria called mitosomees
derive energy from anaerobic biochemical pathways
contains multiple flagella and two equal-sized nuclei
example: Giardia intestinalis
Parabasalids
have reduced mitochondria called hydrogenosomes that generate some energy anaerobically
example: Trichomonas Vaginalis (sexually transmitted parasite)
Euglenozoans
Kinetoplastids
Single mitochondrion with an organized mass of DNA called kinetoplast
Free living species are consumers of prokaryotes in moist ecosystems
Example: Trypanosoma (Causes Chagas' disease)
Euglinids
have one or two flagella that emerge from a pocket at one end of the cell
some are mixotrophs and can be autotrophic or heterotrophic depending on the environment.
Example: Euglena
SAR Clade
Stramenophiles
Diatoms
unicellular algae
2 part glass-like wall of silicone dioxide
highly diverse
when they bloom, many dead individuals fall to the ocean floor and decompose slowly
Example: Pinnuavis aleemii
Golden Algae
named by their color which comes from their yellow and brown carotenoids
typically biflagellated with both flagella near one end
photosynthetic
most are unicellular, but some are colonial
Example: Ochromonadales
Brown Algae
rootlike holdfast to anchor the alga
stemlike stipe for support
leaflike blades
lack true organ tissue and organs
Example: Sargassum
Alveolates
Dinoflagellates
have two flagella
Each cell is reinforced by cellulose plates
Cause toxic red tides
The are abundant components of both marine and freshwater phytoplankton
Example: Pfiesteria piscicida
Apicomplexans
are parasites of animals and some cause serious human diseases
spread through host as infectious cells called sporozoites. One end is the apex and it contains a complex o organelles specialized for penetrating hosts
life cycles require two or more different hosts
Example: Plasmodium
Cilliates
named for use of cilia to move and feed (most are predators of bacteria or other protists)
two types of nuclei: tiny micronuclei and large macronuclei
Example :Paramecium Caudatum
Rhizarians
Forams
Also known as Foraminiferans, are known for their porous shells called tests.
both freshwater and marine forms are known
Example: Amphistegina gibbosa
Cercozoans
Large group of amoeboid and flagellated protists with threadlike pseudopodia
common in marine, freshwater, and soil ecosystems
most are heterotrophs
Example: Paulinella chromatophora
Radiolarians
marine protists
delicate symmetrical internal skeletons made of silica
Example: Actinomma
Archaeplastida
Red Algae
reddish in color (accessory pigment called phycoerythrin and masks the green of chlorophyll)
usually multicellular
most abundant large algae in tropics
Example: Bonnemaisonia
Green Algae (paraphyletic)
Chlorophytes
live in fresh water, some marine
some live in damp soil or in environments exposed to intense visible and ultraviolet radiation.
Example: Ulva
Charophytes
mostly related to plants
Example:Chara
Unikonta
Amoebazoans
Slime Molds (Mycetozoans)
Plasmodial
brightly pigmented (yellow or orange)
unicellular feeding mass called a plasmodium ( is undivided by plasma membranes and contains many diploid nuclei)
Example: Physarum
Cellular
Multicellular aggregates (cells separated by their membranes)
cells feed individually and can aggregate to migrate
Example: Dictyostelium
Tubulinids
diverse group of amoebozoans with lobe-or tube-shaped pseudopodia
common unicellular protists in soil and fresh water and marine environments
most are heterotrophic
Example: Amoeba proteus
Entamoebas
parasites of vertebrates and some invertebrates
Example: Entamoeba histolytica
Opisthokontys
Nucleariids
known from soils and freshwater
have mitochondria with discoid cristae
has filose pseudopods
closely related to fungi
Choanoflagellates
Sister taxon of animals
unicellular and heterotrophic
may exist in colonies and are similar to sponges
single flagellum at posterior end
closely related to animals