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Blood Formed Elements / Progenitor Cells Concept Map (Platelets…
Blood Formed Elements / Progenitor Cells Concept Map
Leukocytes
GRANULOCYTES
contains visible cytoplasmic granules
Basophil
Function: Has various allergic reaction responses. Basophils also secretes histamines that are responsible for vasodilation and inflammation. Also secretes Heparin which as an anticoagulant phagotizes
Abundance: The least abundant type of Leukocyte. Accounts for less than 1% of WBC.
Appearance: Loves basic blue dyes. Appears completely dark blue in smears. Contains a U shaped nucleus.
Neutrophil
Function: Phagocytizes Bacteria. First general response to infection.
Abundance: The most abundant type of Leukocyte. Accounts for 50 - 70% of WBC. # of neutrophils will increase during an infection.
Appearance: Loves neutral pH. Appears blue and red on smears. Contains approximately 3 - 5 lobe nucleus
Eosinophil
Appearance: Loves eosin acid dye. Appears as an intense pink on smears. Contains a bi-lobe neucleus
Function: Has varied functions. Primarily an allergic reaction. Has inflammatory responses. Known to combat parasitic worms. Less effect than neutrophils
Abundance: Second to last least abundant type of Leukocyte. Accounts for 2 - 4% of WBC.
AGRANULOCYTES
does not contain visible cytoplasmic granules
Monocyte
Function: Travels to the infection site and becomes non specific phagocyte.
Appearance: Contains an ovbid, kidney, horseshoe like nucleus.
Abundance: The third most abundant type of Leukocytes accounting for 3 - 8% of WBCs. Is abundant within the cytoplasm.
Lymphocyte
B Lymphocytes
Function: Releases Antibodies
T Lymphocytes
Function: Destroys tumors and infected cells.
General
Function:
Appearance:Often confused with Basophils.
Abundance: The second most abundant type of Leukocytes accounting for approximately 25% of WBC.
Erythrocytes
Formed in
red bone marrow
. Small cells shaped like biconcave discs.
Transports respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
Erythrocyte production begins when a hematopoietic stem cell descendent called a myeloid stem cell transforms into a proerythroblast. The following chain represents the transformation of a proerythroblast to a red blood cell.
Proeryhthroblast
Basophilic eryhthroblast
Polychromatic erythroblast
Orthochromatic erythroblast
Reticulocyte
: a young red blood cell
Binds to
hemoglobin
, a protein that makes red blood cells red. Most oxygen that carried in the blood is bound to hemoglobin.
Erythrocytes live approximately 100-120 days, with the spleen being the RBC 'graveyard'. Macrophages destroy and engulf dead RBC's.
Platelets
Abundance: Second most abundant cellular lineage after the red blood cell
Appearance: Discoid cytoplasmic fragments containing granules; stain deep purple; diameter of 2–4 μm
Function: Seal small tears in blood vessels; instrumental in blood clotting
Megakaryocytes: Cytoplasmic fragments of extraordinarily large cells.
The hematopoietic stem cell gives rise to cells that undergo several mitotic divisions unaccompanied by cytoplasmic division to produce megakaryocytes.
The plasma membrane of the megakaryocyte fragments, liberating the platelets.
Hematopoietic stem cell
Hematopoiesis
Undifferentiated precursor cells that reside in the red bone marrow. All formed elements arise from hematopoietic stem cells.
Red blood cells begin as hematopoietic stem cells and, through erythropoiesis, proceed from the pro erythroblast (committed
cell) stage to the basophilic, polychromatic and orthochromatic erythroblast, and reticulocyte stages.
Appearance: Hematopoietic stem cells resemble lymphocytes. They are non-adherent, and rounded, with a rounded nucleus and low cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio.
Function: It revokes the dormant state and becomes an active participant in the host metabolism during the need of action, and can replenish all blood cell types and self-renew
Myeloid stem cell
Common progenitor of most of the blood's formed elements: erythrocytes (RBC's), thrombocytes (platelets), mast cells, and granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils)
Lymphoid stem cell
Progenitor of lymphocytes (natural killer cells, T-cells, B-cells)