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FNR (Intracellular redox sensor regulating a wide range of genes (in…
FNR
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Escherichia coli
protein contains an
N-terminal sensory domain, which binds an oxygen-labile [4Fe–4S]
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in the absence of the three Fnr paralogs, growth is restricted at low oxygen tensions
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MOTILITY
Swarming
a rapid multicellular movement of bacteria across a surface, powered by rotating helical flagella
Swarming motility seems to be narrowly conserved in the bacterial domain and is currently restricted to
Firmicutes, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria
Swimming
a mode of bacterial movement that is also powered by rotating flagella but, unlike swarming motility, swimming takes place as individual cells moving in liquid environments
Twitching
a surface motility powered by the extension and retraction of type IV pili, which confers slow cell movement, often with a jerky or ‘twitchy’ appearance
Gliding
a catch-all definition for active surface movement that occurs along the long axis of the cell without the aid of flagella or pili
Sliding
a passive form of surface spreading that does not require an active motor but instead relies on surfactants to reduce surface tension, enabling the colony to spread away from the origin, driven by the outward pressure of cell growth
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