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COMMUNICATION ON ORGANIZATION (communication tools (Blog (Web log) = A Web…
COMMUNICATION ON ORGANIZATION
communication
= The Transfer and understanding of meaning.
communication process
The key parts of this model are (1) the sender, (2) encoding, (3) the message, (4) the channel, (5) decoding, (6) the receiver, (7) noise, and (8) feedback.
Communication Process
= The steps between a source and a receiver that result in the transfer and understanding of meaning.
Grapevine
= An organization’s informal communication network.
formal channels
= Communication channels established by an organization to transmit messages related to the professional activities of members.
informal channels
Communication channels that are created spontaneously and that emerge as responses to individual choices.
When communication takes place among members of the same work group, members of work groups at the same level, managers at the same level, or any other horizontally equivalent workers, we describe it as
lateral communication.
Upward communication
= used to provide feedback to higher-ups, inform them of progress toward goals, and relay current problems. keeps managers aware of how employees feel about their jobs, co-workers, and the organization in general.
communication tools
Blog (Web log)
= A Web site where entries are written, and generally displayed in reverse chronological order, about news, events, and personal diary entries.
information
= overload A condition in which information inflow exceeds an individual’s processing capacity.
Twitter
= A free blogging and networking service where users send and read messages known as tweets many of which concern OB issues.
Video conferencing
permits employees in an organization to have real-time meetings with people at different locations. Live audio and video images let participants see, hear, and talk with each other without being physically in the same location.
Instant Messaging and Text Messaging
Like e-mail, instant messaging (IM) and text messaging (TM) use electronic media.
Barriers to Effective Communication
Selective Perception
= communication process selectively see and hear based on their needs, motivations, experience, background, and other personal characteristics. Receivers also project their interests and expectations into communications as they decode them.
Information Overload
Individuals have a finite capacity for processing data. When the information we have to work with exceeds our processing capacity, the result is information overload.
Filtering
refers to a sender’s purposely manipulating information so the receiver will see it more favorably. A manager who tells his boss what he feels the boss wants to hear is filtering information.
Emotions
= In such instances, we are most prone to disregard our rational and objective thinking processes and substitute emotional judgments.
channel richness
= The amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode.
automatic processing
= A relatively superficial consideration of evidence and information making use of heuristics.
controlled processing
A detailed consideration of evidence and information relying on facts, figures, and logic.
Cultural Guide and Rules in Communication
Assume differences until similarity is proven.
Emphasize description rather than interpretation or evaluation.
Practice empathy.
Before sending a message, put yourself in the recipient’s shoes. What are his or her values, experiences, and frames of reference?
Treat your interpretations as a working hypothesis.
Cultural Context
High-context cultures
Cultures that rely heavily on nonverbal and subtle situational cues in communication.
Low-context cultures
Cultures that rely heavily on words to convey meaning in communication.
Cultural Barriers
Barriers caused by semantics.
Words mean different things to different people, particularly people from different national cultures. Some words don’t translate between cultures.
Barriers caused by word connotations
. Words imply different things in different languages.
Barriers caused by tone differences.
In some cultures, language is formal; in others, it’s informal. In some cultures, the tone changes depending on the context: People speak differently at home, in social situations, and at work.
Differences in tolerance for conflict and methods for resolving conflicts.
Individuals from individualist cultures tend to be more comfortable with direct conflicts and will make the source of their disagreements overt.
Communication apprehension
Undue tension and anxiety about oral communication, written communication, or both.
Reducing the Negative Consequences of Rumors
Provide information—
in the long run, the best defense against rumors is a good offense (in other words, rumors tend to thrive in the absence of formal communication).
Explain
actions and decisions that may appear inconsistent, unfair, or secretive.
Refrain
from shooting the messenger—rumors are a natural fact of organizational life, so respond to them calmly, rationally, and respectfully.
Maintain open communication
channels constantly encourage employees to come to you with concerns, suggestions, and ideas.