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Characteristics of Amphibians (Feeding and Digestion -most frog larvae…
Characteristics of Amphibians
Brain and Senses
The amphibian brain is adapted for life on land. A frog’s
forebrain can detect odors in air.
A nictitating membrane is a transparent eyelid that covers a frog’s eye. It protects the eye underwater and keeps it from drying out on land.
Amphibians have developed a tympanic
membrane, or eardrum.
The cerebellum, important for balance to fishes, is not well developed in amphibians that live on land.
The tympanic membrane in frogs is a thin external
membrane on the side of the head. It is used to hear highpitched sounds, such as mating calls.
Amphibians are ectotherms. Ectotherms are animals that
get their body heat from the external environment.
Because they cannot control their body temperature internally, they must be able to sense where to go to get warmer or cooler.
Reproduction
Female frogs lay eggs in the water to be fertilized by males.
The eggs are covered in a jelly-like substance that helps them stick to plants in the water.
After fertilization, the embryo uses the egg yolk for nutrition until it hatches into a tadpole.
The eggs do not have shells and can dry out if not kept in water.
During metamorphosis, the tadpole changes from gill-breathing to lung-breathing. The legless herbivore becomes a four-legged carnivore. Its two-chambered heart changes to a heart with three chambers
Respiration
Amphibians have a double-loop circulatory system
In the first loop, oxygen-poor blood moves from the heart to pick up oxygen in the lungs and skin
Oxygen-filled blood then moves back to the heart.
In the second loop, oxygen-filled blood moves from the heart through vessels to the body, where oxygen diffuses into cells.
The amphibian heart has three chambers.
right atrium
left atrium
ventricle
Circulation
Alya Almanea
Amphibians have a double-loop circulatory system
In the first loop, oxygen-poor blood moves from the heart to pick up oxygen in the lungs and skin. Oxygen-filled blood then moves back to the heart.
In the second loop, oxygen-filled blood moves from the heart through vessels to the body, where oxygen diffuses into cells.
The amphibian heart has three chambers. The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body. The left atrium receives oxygen-filled blood from the lungs. The ventricle remains undivided
Feeding and Digestion
-most frog larvae are herbivores.
-salamander larvae are carnivores.
-adults amphibians diets are similar as both groups (frog and salamander) become predators and feed on a variety of invertebrates and small vertebrates.
-most frog larvae are herbivores.
-rogs and toads, can flick out their long, sticky tongues with great speed and accuracy to catch flying prey.
Method of feeding:
Process of digestion:
Excretion
The kidneys filter wastes from the blood.
when they live in water they excrete waste as ammonia.
when on land they excrete urea. Urea is made from ammonia in the liver.
Urea is stored in the urinary bladder until it leaves the body through the cloaca.
Nouf Alhedeithy
Aljohara Jamalaldeen
