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Eye and the Endocrine System (Major structures and functions of the eye…
Eye and the Endocrine System
Major structures and functions of the eye
Ciliary Body
Changes the shape of the lens when your eyes focus on a near object
Anterior Chamber
Responsible for maintaining eye shape
Lens
Provides fine focusing of light rays
Pupil
Regulates light input
Vitreous Humor
Helps maintain the shape of the eyes intact
Iris
Regulates pupil size
Retina
Lines the back of the eye on the inside
Cornea
Protects eye and refracts light
Optic nerve
Transmits information between the brain and the eye
Schlemm's canal
Collects fluid called aqueous humor
Zonule
Holds the lens in place and allows it to work properly
Choroid
Helps to provide a barrier that protects the brain
Conjunctiva
Lines the eyelids
Major glands/organs and their functions
Adrenal gland
Releases epinephrine and nonepinephrine, which helps the body deal with stress
Pineal gland
Releases melatonin
Thymus
Releases thymosin, which stimulates Tcell development
Thyroid
Produces thyroxine, which regulates metabolism
Parathyroid gland
Regulates the level of calcium in blood
Pancreas
Produces insulin and glucagon, which regulates the level of glucose in the blood
Pituitary gland
Produces hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands
Ovary
Produces estrogen and progesterone
Hypothalamus
Makes hormones that control the pituitary gland
Testis
Produces testosterone, which is responsible for sperm production
Hormones, target organs, and their functions
Metabolic Hormone
Liver
Leutinising Hormone
Gonads
Stimulates the gonads to produce the sex hormones
Pancreotropic Hormone
Pancreas
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Follicle cells
Stimulates the follicle cells of the gonads to produce gametes
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Adrenal cortex
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce its hormones
Leuteotropic Hormone
Mammary gland
Thyrotropic Hormone
Thyroid gland
Responsible for the stimulation of the thyroid gland
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
Skin
Growth Hormone
Bones and Muscles
Stimulates growth, repair, and reproduction
Major functions of the Endocrine System
Regulate metabolism
Control responses to stress
Maintain salt, water, and nutrient balance in the blood
Regulate growth, development, and reproduction
Produce hormones
Diseases
Addison's disease
Affected individuals tend to lose weight, plasma glucose and sodium levels drop, and potassium levels rise
Hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
Diabetes
Increased levels of glucose in blood
Graves disease
Overactive thyroid
Goiter
Enlarged thyroid gland