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Kohlberg's Moral Stages (Moral Stages (The scale is about how people…
Kohlberg's Moral Stages
Level One: Pre-Conventional
Stage 2: Instrumental-Relativist Orientation
"What's in it for me" mentality
Right behavior is whatever is in their best interest
Limited interest in the needs of others
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Deference to superior power or prestige
Egocentric, does not look at other viewpoints
An action is morally wrong if there is a punishment
Level Two: Conventional
Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation
It is important to follow laws and social norms because they maintain order
Beyond need for individual approval
Obligation and duty to uphold laws and rules
Violating laws in morally wrong
Stage 3: Interpersonal Concordance Orientation
Intentions of actors play a larger role
Judge morality by evaluating consequences in terms of relationships
Individuals are receptive to approval and disapproval
The self enters society by conforming to social standards
Level Three: Post-Conventional
Stage 6: Universal-Ethical-Principle Orientation
Moral reasoning is based on abstract reasoning
Laws are valid if they are grounded in justice
Legal rights are unnecessary as social contracts are not needed for moral action
Individual imagines standing in another's shoes
Hard to concretely recognize as a stage
Stage 5: Social Contract Legalistic Orientation
The world is seen as holding different opinions, rights, and values
Such perspectives should be mutually respected
Laws are regarded as social contracts
Laws should be changed to cause the greatest good for the greatest amount of people
Moral Stages
The scale is about how people justify their actions
Each stage is better at responding to moral dilemmas than the one before
Moral behavior is more responsible higher in the stages
Rare to jump back stages
Six stages in three levels