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Errors in Autobiographical Memory (Hyman & Loftus, 1998) (False…
Errors in Autobiographical Memory (Hyman & Loftus, 1998)
False Childhood Memories
Misinformation Effect
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Misinformation Studies
Typically students are shown videos of crimes/accidents and later given post-event misleading information.
Criticisms
They do not provide clear evidence that a false memory of a complete event can be created by suggestion.
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Examples
Crombag, Wagenaar and Von Koppen (1997)
- Asked ppts about a TV Film of a dramatic well-known plane crash in Amsterdam.
- Asking the misleading question led over 50% to remember/describe the TV Film.
- TV Film never existed.
Examples
Hyman et al (1995)
- Information about ppts true life events between 2-10yrs from parents.
- Students told interviews based on info from parents and that their responses would be checked with parent responses.
- Expected to remember more over time.
- Asked to remember several true events and 1 false event presented as if true.
- Interviewer provided basic description and asked what they remembered.
- All false events self-involving and emotional at the time.
- Generally recalled true events and remembered more over time.
Increased recall could be due to:
- Thinking about the events provided additional cues leading to recollection.
- Participants created rather than recalled memories which matched cues.
None of the participants remembered false event in 1st interview.
25% remembered by the 3rd interview.
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Intro
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When remembering the goal may not to be accurate but to tell an entertaining story, define ourselves or fit in with the group.
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Is it possible to forget an event and then recover it years later and can individuals be led to create false memories?
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