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What are the effects of bullying in middle childhood? (Physical (May…
What are the effects of bullying in middle childhood?
Physical
Children may try to alter their appearance to fit in or parents may alter it to keep their children safe (e.g., religious or cultural changes to fit in)
May experience (weight loss due to loss in appetite) (victim)
Can lead to headaches (low nutrients)
Physically Figthing
Injury(s) (e.g., broken bones, soft tissue injuries, and bruises)
Reduce participation in individual physical activity (victim of bullying) and increase performing daring stunts to show they are better to get others attention (e.g., stealing, fighting) (victim and bully)
Decreased ability to self-regulate/control physical aggression later on in life (bully)
Cognitive
Negatively effect cognitive development (victim and bully)
poor grades
decrease motivation and self-confidence (victim)
Decrease in ability to concentrate (negatively overthinking about past events or how tomorrow will be) (victim)
Increased Mental Illness
Stress
Negative thinking (e.g., suicidal or homicidal thoughts)
Social
May not feel comfortable around people (victim)
Isolate themselves from others
Difficulty forming meaningful relationships with others
Reduce participation in group sports or other events
Inappropriate public behavior to draw attention to one-self later on in life (bully)
Unsafe driving (e.g., speeding, cutting off drivers)
Increased use of drugs
engaging in crime or gang violence
Emotional
Increased Emotions (e.g., anger, sadness, frustration)
Overwhelmed with various emotions and not knowing what to do with these emotions (bystander, victim, and bully)
Negative Impacts on Emotional Development
trouble expressing emotions later on in life
trouble self-regulation emotions (e.g., outbrusts of anger in public or at home)
Inability to understand emotions of others