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INHERITANCE (Alleles (Alleles are versions of a gene., Homozygous: 2…
INHERITANCE
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DNA structure
A polymer made up of 2 strands , and form a double helix structure
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The 4 different bases are called A, C, G and T. So, DNA contains 4 different nucleotides
Proteinsynthesis
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First stage is in the nucleus: (TRANSCRIPTION) The base sequence of the gene is copied into a temporary molecule called the mRNA. The mRNA is a single-stranded molecule that passes into the cytoplasm
Second stage is in the cytoplasm: (TRANSLATION) The mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome and amino acids are brought to it by carrier molecules called tRNA. The ribosome now reads the bases on the mRNA and the amino acids are placed in the correct order.
Mutations
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If one base goes through a mutation, the amino acid may not change as the other base triplets encode for the same DNA
If the amino acid changes and the protein changes shape, it can have an effect of the function.
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DNA and genome
DNA:
Genetic material
Two polymers joined to create a double helix
GENE is a small section of DNA in a chromosome
Genome:
Entire genetic material of an organism
Can help us search for genes linked to a certain disease
Can help to treat inherited diseases
Cystic Fibrosis
Disorder of cell membranes. The alleles are normally dominant but in a defective cell the allele is recessive so 2 are needed (cc)
Polydactyly
Extra fingers or toes. It is caused by a dominant allele so the person can have a dominant and normal allele in order to suffer from polydactyly
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A nucleotide has a phosphate group attached to a sugar molecule, which is attached to a base
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Dominant allele: shows in the phenotype if there's only copy of it present
Recessive allele: only shows in the phenotype if there's 2 copies present