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食をアップデートせよ (ancestors vs modern humans (high fiber content (shift to…

- - - - wild fruits
        
        contain insects
        
        higher vitamin content
        
        hexose-dominated (fructose & glucose) vs sucrose-dominated (require sucrase to break down to fructose & glucose)
        
        possibly cause numerous health problems
        
        high ratio of indigestible material (seeds, thick skins, fibrous strands)
        
        slower digestion and absorption
        
        higher protein content
  - - - domesticated animal muscle tissue is high in soluble fat (not seen in wild animal)
    - - big game hunting was a highly unreliable provisioning strategy
      - USO provisioning by post-menopausal women was primary food source for children
        
        selection for old-age (post-menopause)
        
        longer lifespan
        
        no other mammals live long after menopause
        
        USOs provisioning requires more endurance and techinique (esp. cooking to edible form)
    - - this fat is high in saturated, serum-cholesterol-raising fatty acids
      - excess in omega6
  - - - insoluble fiber is poorly digested and does not become nutrition
      - insoluble fiber traps nutrients
      - mammals consume a limited weight of food each day (3~5% of body weight)
      - more available energy may have contributed to brain development
      - change in environment (leaving jungles)
        
        fruits were less abundant outside jungles
        
        fruits are chimpanzees' primary energy source
        
        competition for USOs was low
      - supported by change in teeth anatomy fitted for USO consumption. reduction in digestive tract size due to increased preconsumption processing
      - enables early weaning and delayed maturity
        
        more time for brain development
  - - - using animal protein to satisfy daily requirements for protein, essential fatty acids, and some energy may have allowed carb-rich plants to be utilized for brain development
        
        plant protein is digested less efficiently, indicating requirement of higher amounts
  - - - excessive omega6 vs omega3
        
        hydrogenated vegetable oils
        
        corn-fed meat
      - high serum cholesterol levels
      - coronary heart disease
        
        coronary atherosclerosis
    - - heart disease, cancer, diabetes
  - - - muscoloskeletal deficiency -> age-related fractures
      - hyperadiposity -> insulin resistance, diabetes
  - - - combined with hyperadiposity causes functional insulin resistance
        
        capacity of muscle to take up blood sugar far exceeds adipose
        
        additional pancreatic insulin secretions is necessary
        
        diabetes II
- - - - increase in dental caries
        
        from 5% carious teeth to over 15% in Eastern North America pre/post maize
      - shift from hard-texture to soft-texture foods
        
        increased cooking
        
        dental crowding and facial gracilization
        
        increased malocclusion
      - increased consumption of plant carbohydrates (絶対量)
    - - narrowing of dietary breadth
        
        increased reliance on a limited number of domesticated plants (wheat, rice, maize)
        
        milled grains are deficient in iron
        
        rice is deficient in protein which also inhibits vitamin A activity
        
        increased iron deficiency anemia
        
        shortened stature
        
        maize reduces iron bioavailability and deficiency of essential amino acids, as well as reduced niacin bioavailability
        
        reduced availability of animal protein
    - - increased population and crowding
      - increased periosteal reactions
      - treponematosis and tuberculosis were not present in humans before
      - decreased population mobility
- - - - 我々はジャンクフードを好む
        
        自然淘汰によって、好む者が生き残った。希少な資源であったため
        
        なぜ手軽？
        
        需要が大きいから、供給が発達した
        
        ジャンクフードは非健康的
        
        HFCS
        
        強酸性
        
        咀嚼不足
        
        食物繊維不足
        
        高動物性脂質、高動物性タンパク質
        
        ミネラル、ビタミン不足
        
        消化酵素不足
        
        加熱によるタンパク質の変形
        
        乳製品
        
        苦味不足
        
        バラエティ不足
        
        抗生物質
      - 野菜は豊富にあったため、好まざる者の淘汰は起こらなかった
      - 求めなくてもなんとかなっているから
        
        自己治癒
        
        医療産業