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MarkeciaBogard20 (Components of the Integumentary System (consist of skin…
MarkeciaBogard20
Components of the Integumentary System (consist of skin and its appendages.
Epidermis:
Composed of 4 types of cells keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile epithelial cells and dendritic cells.
Dermis :
.Well supplied with blood vessels and nerves. 20% of Papillary layer and 80% of Reticular layer
Hair Shaft:
The part that is superficial to the skin.
Hypodermis or Superficial fascia:
underlies the skin, primarly composed of adipose tissue.
Nervous Structures:
Sensory nerve,Lamellar corpuscle, Hair follice receptor
Appendages of skin:
Eccrine sweat gland, arrector pili muscle, sebaceous gland, hair root, hair follicle
Sweat glands helps to prevent the body from overheating.
Apocrine sweat glands
Located in axillary region, anal and genital areas.
Function is odor producing. Bacteria decomposes the proteins and lipids to create the odor.
Apocrine secretion allows the cells to secrete a portion of the apical cells that includes proteins and lipids.
Exocrine sweat glannds:
Function is evaporative cooling
Located nearly everywhere
Mercocrine secretion allows the cell to just realease the product such as watery sweat and some salts.
Hair root is embedded into the skin within follice.
Hair follicles extend from the epidermal surface into the dermis.
Arrector pili muscle is a smooth muscle that relax and erect the hair. (muscle that controls hair raising when a person gets goosebumps.
Sebaceous Glands
Located everywhere except palms of hands and soles of feet. Also associated with hair
Function is to produce an oil and collect dirt
Subpapillary vaascular plexus
Dermal vascular plexus
Dermal papillae:
A knot of capillaries that deliver sunstances that will stimulate and supply nutrients to grow hair.
Sweat pore
Nail
Function: Protects fingertips and toe tips
Structure: Dead cells filled with keratin
General Function of Integumentary System and Hypodermis
Production of vitamin D:
Use UV radiation to synthesize vitamin D. Vitamin D is need for absorbing calcium.
Sensory Receptors:
Associated with the nerve endings. These receptors keep us aware of conditions on the body surface, Such as, touch, pressure,tempertaure and pain.
Temperature Regulation
: Sweat glands and blood vessels help keep thermal regulation throughout the body
Excretion:
Helps to excrete urea, salts and water through sweat
Protection:
from external harm, including UV radiation
Hypodermis Function
: Mostly adipose tissue. Usage of Nutrients storage, insulation, and cushioning
Layers of the Epidermis and special features and functions.
Stratum Granulosum
Protective
Helps prevent loss of water
1 to 5 layers of flattened keratinocyers cells are present
Special contact epithelial cells called tight junctions are present.
Stratum Spinosum
Thick and protective
Th spines of the desmosomes hang onto each other.
Mostly Keratinocytes
Stratum Lucidum
Protective
Some keratinocytes are present.
Only in located thick skins such as palms and soles of feet.
Stratum Basale:
Mostly stem cells present
Basal Layer of cells/ Deepest layer of epidermid
Mostly stem cells present
10% - 25% of cells are melanocytes
Stratum Corneum
Superficial layer of epidermis
Protective
Several layer of dead keratinocytes
Glycolipids in extracelluar matrix
Cell types located in Epidermis
Dendritic Cells:
Known to take a pathogen to the lymph nodes to eventually get destroy it.
Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells):
Receptor cells that are sensitive to touch.
Melanocytes:
Create the pigment melanin and helps protects against harmful UV radiation
Stem Cells:
Creates more keratinocytes.
Keratinocytes
: Contains tough fibrous protein called keratin and connect together with special contacts called desmosomes.