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Eye & Endocrine (Hormones Produced - their target organs - functions,…
Eye & Endocrine
Hormones Produced - their target organs - functions
Growth Hormone
cells
stimulates cell growth, repair, and production
calcitonin
bones
aids the absorption of calcium into the matrix of bones
thyroid-stimulating hormone
thyroid
stimulates the thyroid gland
adrenocorticotropic hormone
adrenal cortex
stimulates adrenal cortex to produce chemicals
thymosin
white blood cells
trains and develops T-lymphocytes during fetal development
prolactin
mammary gland
stimulates mammary glands to produce milk
melatonin
cells
causing the feeling of drowsiness at night
follicle stimulating hormone
ovaries and testes
stimulates follicle cells of the gonads to produce gametes
progesterone
mammary
maintains the right conditions to support a developing fetus
luteinizing hormone
ovaries
stimulates the gonad to produce sex hormones
estrogen
uterine, breast, and bones
during puberty triggers growth of breasts, pubic hair, bones and development of uterine
antiduretic hormone
kidneys
prevents water loss
testosterone
bones, muscles,sex organs, and hair follicles
growth and increase in bone bone strength, sex organs, pubic hair, and muscles
oxytocin
uteral mammary gland
triggers contraction and milk production
glucagon
cells
releases glucose into the blood
insulin
cells
lowers glucose levels in the blood
thyroid hormone
livers and kidneys
regulates body metabolic rate
Major glands/organs
and their functions
testes
releases a hormone which causes growth and increase of bone strength and muscles, hair and sex organs
pancreas
releases hormones responsible for lowering glucose levels and triggers muscle and liver cells to breakdown glycogen to release glucose into the blood
ovaries
releases hormones that trigger the development of the uterine, breast, pubic hair growth and bone growth, and maintain necessary conditions in the body to support a developing fetus
adrenal medulla
releases hormones which increase blood flow to the brain and muscles, increases heart rate,breathing and blood pressure
pineal gland
releases hormones that make us feel drowsy at night
adrenal cortex
release hormones responsible for regulating the concentration of mineral ions in the body and breaking down proteins and lipids to produce glucose
thymus
releases hormone to help train and develop T-lymphocytes during fetal development
parathyroid gland
releases a hormone that stimulates osteoclasts to break down calcium
thyroid gland
releases hormones responsible for regulation the body's metabolic rate, and reducing concentration of calcium ions in the blood
posterior&anterior pituitary
secrete hormones responsible for growth, stimulating other glands(adrenal cortex, thyroid, mammary glands of breast,gonads,etc.), triggering contractions, lactation, and prevents water loss
Diseases associated with
the endocrine system
diabetes mellitus
hyposecretion of insulin
pituitary dwarfism
hyposecretion of GH
acromegaly
excessive amounts of GH secreted (overgrowth of bones)
Major structures and
functions of the eye
aqueous humor
helps maintain shape of cornea
pupil
constricts and enlarges in light changes
cornea
protects the iris and helps focus images
iris
controls the amount of light that enters the eye
lens
helps focus images
sclera
tough covering that protects and gives shape
ciliary muscles
controls lens size
lateral/medial rectus
moves the eye side to side
vitreous humor
helps maintain eye shape
superior & inferior oblique/rectus
moves the eye up and down
retina
helps us see images
Fat tissue
protects and cushions the eye
rods
help us see in dim light
optic nerve
transmits images to the brain
cones
lets us see colors
tapetum lucidum
reflects light in low levels of light (only animals)
choroid layer
hold the blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the eye
Major Functions of
the endocrine system
The endocrine system consists of glands which secrete hormones that effect the entire body (through the target organs). The hormones secreted help with things like growth during puberty, maintaining homeostatic balance, developing sex organs, and much more.