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Common Task 2 Revision (Stem cells (Plant stem cells are found in…
Common Task 2
Revision
Stem cells
Plant stem cells are found in meristems in roots and cambium in stems
Change in DNA can cause uncontrolled cell division
Adult stem cells can only become one type of tissue
Uncontrolled cell division -cancer
Embryonic stem cells can differentiate and specialise into any kind of cell
Uses of stem cells?
Can divide often by mitosis and differentiate
Issues with stem cells?
Unspecialised cell-can become any cell
Ethical concerns?
Growth
Nervous system
Types of neurones
Reflex arc
synapse
myelin sheath
electrical impulses
Health & Disease
Types of pathogens:
virus
Ebola
hemorrhaging,
bacteria
Cholera
watery faeces, diarrhoea
fungi
Chalara Dieback
lesions on bark
protist
Malaria
Headaches, fever
Ways pathogens spread?
airborne
droplet infection
contact
animals
food
What is a vector?
Organism that carries pathogens from one organism to another e.g. mosquito
What is an STI/ Give two examples
sexually transmitted infection e.g. chlamydia, HIV- condoms protect us, screening identifies
Chemical barriers to pathogens?
stomach acid
mucus
urine flow
Physical barriers to pathogens?
skin
cilia
immunisations
lymphocytes release antibodies in response to antigens
weakened form of pathogen
memory lymphocytes release antibodies in the future when a new infection occurs-secondary response
vaccinations
antibiotics