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Elizabeth 2.2 and 2.3 (2.3 (Leisure Activties (Football, Music &…

- - - - Parents of middle class boys no understood the importance of education. This was especially true in towns, which were growing steadily during the Elizabethan era. Merchants, professionals (e.g. lawyers, doctors) and some members of the gentry would send their children to grammar schools.
      - Between ages 4 and 7, parents could send their children to ‘petty schools’. These prepared children to go on to grammar schools. Children were taught to read and write as well as maths. A few girls attended petty schools, but were more likely to go to ‘Dame schools’, which were run by an educated woman (a ‘Dame’).
    - - The poor had less opportunities when compared to the above classes, more often than not they would be stuck to working on the farm and (often) vagabondage.
    - - Children from wealthy backgrounds would be sent to public schools like Winchester, Eton and Harrow (founded in 1572). Lessons were in Latin and aimed to educate young men so that they would succeed at the Elizabethan court.
      - Children of noblemen would receive home tutoring. They might go to one of the public schools, but they might just go straight to university.
- - - - The Duke of Norfolk , he is one of the most powerful nobles .
        He also wanted to marry Mary Queen of Scots, he is a protestant in theory but was supportive to the catholic people.
      - Earl of Westmorland, he was very disappointed in the imprisonment of the Duke of Norfolk, so him and the Earl of Northumberland launch a attack on Elizabeth.
      - Earl of Northumberland, he was also very disappointed about the imprisonment of the Duke of Norfolk.
        He is soon captured while he was trying to escape to Scotland and was beheaded.
    - - This was a plot to overthrow Elizabeth, using support from Spanish soldiers in the Netherlands and senior Catholic nobles like the Duke of Norfolk.
      - The plans to get rid of Elizabeth were co-ordinated and organised by Roberto Ridolfi, an Italian banker who worked for the Pope.
      - He secured the support of Mary, Queen of Scots (who would be made Queen of England), the Duke of Norfolk (who declared himself a Catholic) and Philip II of Spain (who promised to send 10,000 soldiers to support the plot).
      - The plot was discovered by spies sent by Sir Francis Walsingham. The plot collapsed before it had even started! The Duke of Norfolk was arrested, put on trial for treason and executed.
    - - Was centred around the young Catholic noble Francis Throckmorton.
      - 1583
      - Throckmorton would carry secret messages between the French and Spanish ambassadors and leading English nobles.
      - The plan was to set Mary free and replace Elizabeth by putting Mary on the throne, however the plot was discovered by Sir Francis Walsingham's spies before it was able to be carried out.
    - - Anthony Babington was a young Catholic who had worked for Mary, Queen of Scots in the early 1580s. He instigated a plot with Mary to get rid of Elizabeth and put Mary on the throne.
      - Babington was recruited by an extremist Catholic priest called John Ballard to help plot a rebellion.
      - The plan was fairly similar to the Ridolfi Plot and the Throckmorton Plot - to get a foreign army led by the Duke of Guise to invade England, rescue Mary, Queen of Scots and then get rid of Elizabeth.
      - Ballard was already under close surveillance by Walsingham’s spy network, so the plot was quickly discovered.
- - - - The Sack of Antwerp
        
        The sack of Antwerp destroyed the market for English wool. Many Protestants were killed by Spanish soldiers who looted the whole city. Elizabeth was very worried that her economy would take a huge hit because one of her main incomes was the wool trade.
      - The raiding of Cadiz
        
        In April 1587, Francis Drake was sent to attack the Spanish fleet that was being built in Cadiz. This event caused significant damage: it ‘singed the King of Spain’s beard’. They stole barrels of food and £114,000 (about £170 million today.) Over 100 ships were sunk which meant that the Armada was delayed. This gave Elizabeth more time to prepare her army for the Armada. This also made Spain more fearful of the English and it earned Francis Drake "El Díablo"
      - The Armada
        
        As the Spanish Armada waited for the Duke of Parma’s army, the English sent a fleet of fire ships to attack.
- - - - The population was increasing faster than the rate of jobs and their availability.
    - - The rising population meant that there was more demand for food. Since demand was rising, but food production was not, this meant that food shortages were common (especially when there was a bad harvest). As a result, food prices increased fast. The fastest rates of growth were in the mid-1550s, early 1570s and the early 1590s, when the harvests were worst.