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Effects of Bullying in Middle Childhood Development (Social and Emotional…
Effects of Bullying in Middle Childhood Development
Social and Emotional Developmental Effects
During middle childhood, children have the ability to recognize emotions in themselves and others
Able to control their emotions and communicate their emotions to others (emotion regulation)
Increased development of social knowledge and appreciation of social rules and displays of emotions
Cyber bullying influences this development as social interactions are not occurring face to face
Cyber bullying reduces the ability to recognize what is socially appropriate and specific emotions
Lack of understanding/recognition of the effects of cyber 'joking'
Lack developmental ability to take the perspective of others
Can recognize and understand anger management strategies
Children in middle childhood can recognize bully coping and prevention strategies
Middle childhood is key for forming personal identities, life long skills, values and habits
Being a victim of bullying puts children in middle childhood at risk of negative emotional development
Negative impact on social skill development and formation of personal relationships
Impact on self-regulating behaviours, increase in aggressive outbursts and troubling negative behaviours.
Emotion coping
Reduced development in effective emotion coping strategies
Difficulties in being able to interpret and self-regulate others emotions
Children in middle childhood are learning to recognize their as well as others emotions
Bullying can result in children in middle childhood to not want to differentiate themselves from others and appear different for fear of not fitting in and being at risk for being bullied
Following others and not developing leadership skills
Increase in approval seeking behaviours
Fear of creating change and making differences
Bullying in middle childhood can lead to reduced self-esteem and self-confidence
May lead to a difficulty in development of friends and support systems
Reduced likelihood of bullied children seeking support from others and trusting potential impact
Bullying can lead to poor emotional development and mental health issues throughout middle childhood into adolescence
Withdrawal, isolation, loneliness
Anxiety
Depression
Risk of sucide
Risk of substance abuse
Risk for development of eating disorders
Cognitive Developmental Effects
Children in middle childhood are more focused on the present and struggle to understand future implications and consequences
May not understand the impact of bullying someone
How being bullied may impact their long-term health
How 'just joking' may impact others and be interpreted as bullying
Children in middle childhood understand logic and concrete information
Can recognize right from wrong and understand that bullying of any kind if wrong
Children in middle childhood struggle with abstract ideas and hypothetical information
Difficulties in understanding and interpret jokes and comments made by peers (or themselves) on the internet
Increase chances of feeling bullied
Increase risk of being a bully
Struggle to understand the perspective of others
Bullying can impact middle childhood development
Lack of appropriate social skill, problem solving and learning skills
Affects short and long term development
Influence concentration and attention in school
Reduced learning outcomes from school
Physical Developmental Effects
Bullying can have a negative impact on physical health on middle childhood development
Mental health
Anxiety
Depression
Withdrawal
Physical Stress
Headaches
GI Issues
Fear
Of going to school and being social
Long-term issues
Risk of eating disorders
Negative relationships with food
Obesity
Heart issues
Diabetes
Long-term mental health issues
In middle childhood boys and girls are constantly physically changing
Girls are physically changing more rapidly than boys
Physical changes (or lack of physical changes) may cause reason for children in middle childhood to be bullied
Rapid height growth (an average of 6 cm taller each year)
Weight gain
No weight gain ('bonny')
Muscle development (or lack of muscle growth)
Difference in physical appearance
Motor skill development
Overall implications of bullying
Children in middle childhood are developing new friendships and, deeper relationships with family members and close friends. These relationships are crucial for ensuring positive emotional development and security for support if bullied
The increase in technology in middle childhood development increases the risk for being bullied and creates an easier platform to bully. Cyber education is crucial in middle childhood to ensuring children understand the effects of their actions when using technology and how to use it safely
Bullying has an impact on mental health. Middle childhood is the being of mental health development. Negative impacts of bullying can be detrimental to positive mental health development.
Anti-bullying campaigns need to better support children in developing tools to cope with bullying and how to effectively seek support if they are being bullied. This needs to also include cyber bullying
Being bullied reduces children's feelings of self-worth and self-esteem. Bullying reduces socialization and increases isolation. This can be very to the overall physical, cognitive and emotional development of middle childhood.