Private good: excludable and rival Ex: Timber in a plantation forest

open-access resource: Non-excludable but rival because no one can be denied use but them taking it will affect someone else. The best example is fishing- no prohibits toward fishing in some places but when someone takes all the fish no one else can benefit.

Benefits that can be calculated. Such as the provisional benefits that stye have or the cultural ex. Education or recreation. Another would include servicing benefits or ecosystem services such as CO2 sequestration.

Existencial value- the benefit we get from knowing that it exist. also, the benefit that we get knowing that our children will get to experience such beauty.

Use the value that people buy related to the place/thing that the benefits are being calculated for. EX. when many tourists visit a forest the benefits from added tourism can be use to calculate.

Use how it affects the economy of their or how the benefits to people are affected. Ex: Pollution will negatively affect people who run a fishery because there are less fish.

Same as stated reference!! Peoples willing to pay in order to avoid an environmental disaster from happening. EX. keeping an endangered species alive even if no one sees it.

Calculating the cost of the general economy of the place not trying to find the specific equilibrium of the place

model over effect on specific economy with how much people would be willing to pay.

Cost accumulated when something affects the people unexpectedly. When something affects the public through indirect cost to the economy.

Cost payed by companies that are complying with a new government rule.

Cost associated for the public or a payment by government to administrate a policy.

Cost acquired when new policy is introduced and the transition period is happening.

When someone enjoys or takes something no one is negatively affected

Pure public good: non-excludable and non-rival. Ex: park