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RESOURCES (Alloys (An alloy is a mixture of a metal and other elements, We…
RESOURCES
Alloys
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We make an alloy by melting the metal, adding elements and then allowing it to cool
In pure metals, the atoms slide over each other. But, in alloys the atoms are different sizes and this stops them from sliding over each other. Alloys are harder than pure metals.
Ceramics and composites
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A ceramic material is an inorganic, non-metallic, often crystalline oxide, nitride or carbide material. They are brittle and hard
Earths resources
Some resources are finite such as fossil fuels and metals, but they are being used faster than they are formed so they will run out one day
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Waste water treatment
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Sewage is passed through a mesh removing solids and grit. Then, it is allowed to settle in sedimentation tanks which produces a liquid and a semi-solid sludge. This sludge is digested by anaerobic bacteria. In the absence of oxygen, these bacteria produce a biogas which can be burned for electricity. At the end, the sludge can be used for fermentation, etc.
Methods of extracting
Phyto mining - plants contain metal compounds that we want as they absorb it and are concentrated in their tissue
Bioleaching - bacteria are mixed with a low grade ore and produce leachate. This leachate contains the metal compound.
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Recycling
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Can be reused, made into another product or recycled for a different use
Corrosion
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Test corrosion by putting a nail into test tubes filled with distilled water open to air, boiled and distilled water covered in oil and anhydrous calcium chloride
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The haber process
Nitrogen and hydrogen are used to produce ammonia. Nitrogen can be extracted from the air and hydrogen from reacting methane with steam. These are passed over a catalyst at a temp of 450. This causes ammonia to be produced. This is a reversible reaction.
To increase the yield, ammonia is cooled into a liquid and removed. Then the nitrogen and hydrogen can be recycled over the catalyst.
NPK fertilisers
NPK fertilisers contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
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