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Antioxidants (Free radicals # (formation : (exposure to environmental…
Antioxidants
Free radicals
#
Unstable atoms with an unpaired electron in their valence shell
destabilize other molecular and damage cell membranes, cellular proteins, blood LDL lipoproteins and nuclear DNA
formation :
normal metabolic processes
exposure to environmental factors
pollution
radiation exposure
excessive sunlight
toxic substances
tobacco smoke
Vitamins
Water soluble
Vitamin C
#
sources
Vegetables
peppers
tomatoes
potatoes
etc.
Fruits
strawberries
lemon
etc.
oranges
roles
synthesis of collagen
helps with the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters
necessary for the growth, development and repair of all body tissues
Deficiency results in
"scurvy"= fatigue, depression
gums bleed easily around the teeth, and capillaries under the skin break spontaneously, producing pinpoint hemorrhages
excessive intake results in
readily excreted
can act as a prooxidant
Diarrhea and Nausea
has two forms
Ascorbic Acid (reduced form)
dehydroascorbic acid (oxidized form)
Enhances IRON absorption
Fat Soluble
beta- carotene
#
Sources
fruits
mangoes
apricots
vegetables
sweet potatoes
carrots
Roles
anti inflammatory effect at moderate doses
sun protection
formation of vitamin A
protective against are-related damage-macula (of eyes)
Excessive intake results in
Hypercarotenemia
skin discolouration (to orange-yellow colour)
No known deficiency symptoms
Vitamin E
Source
whole grains
nuts
polyunsaturated plants
soybean, corn, cottonseed, safflower
peanuts
leafy green vegetables
Roles
Protects cell walls within body
immune function
maintains red blood cel membrane integrity
Protects DNA and other cell components from oxidizing damage
deficiency results in
“abetalipoproteinemia”
muscle weakness and poor nerve impulse transmission
excessive intake results in
nausea, diarrhea, stomach cramps, fatigue, weakness, headache, blurred vision, rash, and bruising and bleeding
Vitamin A
Sources
fruit
strawberries
mangoes
kiwi
vegetables
potatoes
peppers
tomatoes
etc.
animal sources
beef liver
dairy
salmon
Roles
Needed for vision, healthy skin and mucous membranes, bone and tooth growth, immune system health
Deficiency results in
impairs immunity and hematopoiesis= rashes
excessive intake results in
Hypervitaminosis A
change in vision, bone pain, skin changes
formation
Pro-form
Carotenoids
Pre-form
Retinoids
#
Retinol (Vision)
Retinal (Growth)
Retinoic acid (Reproduction)
Minerals
Selenium
Sources
nuts
seeds
protein foods
seafood
poultry
lean meats
etc.
soy
Roles
helps body produce
antioxidant enzymes
#
#
play role in preventing cell damage
plays role in metabolism and thyroid function
deficiency results in
hypothyroidism
extreme fatigue, mental slowing, goiter, cretinism, and recurrent miscarriage
excessive intake results in
risk of developing selenosis
a substance that inhibits oxidation, especially one used to counteract the deterioration of stored food products.
removes potentially damaging oxidizing agents in a living organism
some Converts to retinal/ Vit. A
Glutathione peroxidase and vitamin E work in tandem
actions of selenium-dependent enzymes can spare Vit E for other functions
donate electron to stabilized
commonalty target
Reduces
help split the intestinal cell to form 2x more