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Global Hazards (Global Circulation (Atmospheric convection cells (3 types:…
Global Hazards
Global Circulation
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Albedo: light surfaces reflect heat, dark surfaces absorb it
Atmospheric convection:
Air heats, expands, and rises » low pressure zone
Flows towards low pressure, cools, ^density » sinks
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Tropical Storms
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They usually form between 5° and 30° N, S of the equator
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Formation
- Warm ocean heats the air above
- Rising warm air evaporates and starts to spin
- The air then cools and condenses to form a towering cumulonimbus cloud
- Intense low pressure sucks in air, creating very strong winds
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What makes wind strong?
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Downhill flow
Katabatic winds form when air flows downhill, gradually picking up speed
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Climate zones
Polar
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Cold air from the Polar cell sinks, producing high pressure
The spin of the Earth creates dry, icy winds.
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Temperate
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Two air cells meet, one warm from the Ferrel cell and one cold from the polar cell
» Low pressure is created at they meet along a weather front
» frequent rainfall
Subtropical
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Sinking air where Hadley and Ferrel cells meet
» high pressure
» belt of deserts, eg. Sahara, Namib
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Vostok station, Antarctica
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Extreme precipitation
Quillagua, Atacama Desert, Chile
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El Niño / la niña
In addition to global-scale high and low pressure cells, regional ones influence weather patterns throughout the year
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Death Valley, California
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Lowest (-85m), driest (60mm p/a), and hottest place in NA