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UTILTARIANISM, John Stuart Mill (Mill Agrees with Bentham over the idea…
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John Stuart Mill
Mill Agrees with Bentham over the idea that it is right to focus on the greatest good and maximising happiness.
However, disagrees that the pleasure and pain are too simple. He says that there is more to life than food sex and parties
It can also lead to appalling consequences - theoretically Bentham's theory could justify gang rape.
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Mill's views on Pleasure
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So poetry, art, intelligent conversation and crossword puzzles are in
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Socrates And The Pig
argues that there are different types of pleasure, we should consider the quality as well as the quantity of pleasure
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it is better to be a human being dissatisfied then a pig satisfied: better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied
Non Harm Principle: actions of individuals should only be limited to prevent harm to other individuals.
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Strengths and Weaknesses
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Weaknesses
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Swine Ethic Problem
the worry remains that there are no absolute boundaries in utilitarianism and horrors such as the torture of children or gang rape may be permitted in extreme situations.
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Strengths
Impartiality
we have to be objective and that we do not resolve ethical dilemmas by having favourites or resorting to personal biases
Secular
does not resort to religion to justify how we should act. This makes utilitarianism an attractive theory for a more secular age
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progressive
has enabled out of date ideas such as the banning of homosexual acts or the oppression of women to be challenged
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