Skill acqusition

Classification of skills

Muscular Movement

Environmental influence

Continuity

Pacing

Difficulty

Organisation

Low and high

High - High organisational skills have many subroutines but they can't be broken down or practiced. For example, cartwheel or golfswing

Low - Low skills are very easy, and phases are discrete and could be practices seperately. Subroutines are easy to seperate. For example, swimming strokes or a trampoline sequence.

Externally and internally

Externally - The environment controlls rate of performance and must pay attention and react. Usually open skills, for example in ball games players must react form other players

Internally - They can also be self paced when the perofrmer controlls the rate at which the performance wlll happen. They are usually closed skills, such as javelin or discuss.

Discrete, serial and continuous

Types and methods of practice

Transfer of skills

Serial - A group of discrete skills all put together to make a complex movement. e.g. sequence of skills for a triple jump.

Continous- no obvious beginning or end. Often repeated like swimming, running or cycling.

Discrete - Breif and well defined. They have a clear beginning and end. For example a penalty kick in football.

Gross and fine

Gross - Large muscular movements using lots of muscle groups and are not precise. eg shot put

Fine - Intricate movements using small muscle groups and are generally precise that use lots of hand eye coordination. Eg snooker shot

Open and closed

Simple and complex

Complex - Involve lots of decisions and complicated judgements. Complicated and practised lots to make it easier to perform in competitions, like somersault or tennis serve

Simple - straight forward with few judgements and decisions. Need little concentration and cognitive ability. For example swimming, sprinting

Closed - Not affected by the environment. It is predictable for the performer and they know exactly what to do. They follow a set pattern and have a clear begginnig and end, they also tend to be self paced. For example a free throw in basketball.

Open - Affected by the environment especially in team games. The environment is constantly changing and skills are predominantly perceptual eg netball match

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Learning theories

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Stages of learning

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guidance

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Feedback

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memory models

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