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Canadian Health System (Trends and Changes (Citizen Participation…
Canadian Health System
Overview
Medicare
provides access to a broad range of health services
Every Canadian has access to Medicare and the services it offers
Interlocking health systems
10 provincial
3 territorial
3 Steps to accessing health care
3. Additional (Supplementary) Services
Supplementary health benefits for seniors, children and low income residents
health services that are not generally covered under the publicly funded healthcare system
Prescription drugs outside the hospital, dental care, vision care, medical equipment and appliances and the services of other health professionals
1. Primary Health Care Services
Serves as a dual function
Provides direct provision of first-contact health care services
Coordinates patient's health care services to ensure continuity of care and ease of movement when more specialized services are needed
Prevention + Injury of common disease, injuries, basic emergency services, referrals, coordination, mental health, palliative, end of life care, health promotion, child development, maternity care, and rehabilitation services
When patients require further diagnosis/treatment are referred to other health care services
2. Secondary Services
Patient may be referred for specialized care at a hospital, long-term care facility or in the community
These referrals can be made by doctors, hospitals, community agencies, families and patients
Services provided in the home, community and institutions
Long-term care and chronic care facilities
Care is provided by a range of formal, informal (often family), and volunteer caregivers
Trends and Changes
Services are delivered, fiscal constraints, aging population, high cost of technology
Medical advancements
procedures on an out-patient basis, and increase in number of day surgeries
Primary Care
delivery: more community primary health centers, creating primary health care teams, promoting health, preventing illness and injury, managing chronic disease, increase coordination and integration of comprehensive health services and improving work environments of primary health care providers
eHealth
electronic health technologies
electronic health records and telehealth
improving access to services, patient safety, quality of care and productivity
Wait Times Reduction
training and hiring more health professionals, clearing backlogs of patients requiring treatment, building capacity for regional centers, expanding ambulatory/community care programs developing and implementing tools
Patient safety
development and implementation of a range of measures to improve patient safety and quality of care
Citizen Participation
Emergency department
Family doctor offices
After hours/walk in clinics
Pharmacies
Community centers
Specialist appointments
Feedback
Surveys (paper/online). Multiple choice and long-answer
Community meetings
Health System at the Federal Level
Setting and administering national principles for the system under the Canada Health Act
Financial support to the provinces and territories
Funding/delivery of primary and supplementary services to certain groups of people
Provides cash and tax transfers to the provinces and territories in support of health through the Canada Health Transfer
Provides Equalization payments to less prosperous provinces and territorial financing to the territories
Responsible for health protection and regulation, consumer safety, disease surveillance and prevention
Has instituted health-related tax measures
Health System at the Provincial/Community Level
New Brunswick has two health care regions
Horizon Health Network
Vitalite Health Network
Where you live dictates which region is used
Order of how the NB's government wants the health system used
See family doctor
Medical clinics (walk in or after hours clinics)
Outpatient department at nearest hospital
How cancer diagnosis is addressed in the health system
Complex System
Family doctor, surgery, treatments
Parts of system that address the person needs
Hospital, resources (counselling, support groups), health professionals, community
How non-health system areas of society affect experience
Travel/distance (hospital, doctor offices), transportation, fiances, gender, age
Main Actors
Patient, family/friends, family doctor, health professionals
Main Factors
family doctor (early diagnosis), family and friends, access to health system and resources
T
he 5 Canada Health Act Principles provide for
Public Administration
Comprehensiveness
Universality
Accessibility
Portability
References:
https://welcomenb.ca/content/wel-bien/en/LivingSettling/content/Healthcare.html
and
https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/health-care-system/reports-publications/health-care-system/canada.html
Other Actors in Society that Influence the Prevalence of Equity-Oriented Practices that Affect Health
Pharmacists
First Aid Training
Volunteers in the hospital
Graduate School Professors, health professors/teachers (OT, PT, SLP, Social Worker, nurses, etc.)
Board members of hospitals
Groups that plan/create programs