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Reading: The Context for Change (Factors That Influence Reading…
Reading: The Context for Change
The Reading Gap
Reading Gap Factors
Teachers Can:
Base teaching methods on replicated research
Help students who are having difficulty learning to read
Create a supportive classroom environment
Teachers Cannot:
Improve the family situation at home
Improve the economic situation at home
Make English the primary language spoken at home
The difference between the target level of reading proficiency and the actual level of proficiency.
Tends to get wider as students encounter more difficult texts
Reading Research
The NICHD researchers work to identify:
The critical environmental, experiential, cognitive, genetic, neurobiological, and instructional conditions that foster strong reading development
The risk factors that predispose children to reading failure
The instructional procedures that can be applied to ameliorate reading deficits at the earliest possible time
Criteria for Reliable Research
Results are replicated
Findings can be generalized
The scientific method is used
Rigorous standards are met
Convergent findings are compatible
Findings are longitudinal
Comprehensive Literacy Strategies
Pre-K thru 1st grade
Print Concepts
Alphabet Recognition
Phonemic Awareness
Pre-K thru 8th grade
Vocabulary Development
Comprehension Strategies
Oral Language Development
Writing
Intervention
Home/School Connection
1st grade thru 8th
Decoding: Systematic, explicit phonics
Independent, Wide Reading
Spelling
Factors That Influence Reading Development
Development of phonemic awareness and of the alphabetic principle
Ability to decode words
Automaticity with enough words
Acquisition of vocabulary along with the application of reading comprehension strategies
Extensive reading of both narrative and expository texts
Maintaining the motivation to learn
Adequate teacher preparation and materials