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P6 Molecules and Matter (States of Matter (Particles of a gas move about…
P6 Molecules and Matter
Density
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To measure the density of a solid object or a liquid, measure its mass and its volume then use the density equation
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States of Matter
Particles of a gas move about randomly and are far apart, so they are much less dense than solids and liquids
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The particles of a liquid move about at random and are in contact with each other, more energetic than particles in solid
When a substance changes state, its mass stays the same because the number of particles stays the same
The particles of a solid are held next to each other in fixed positions, they are the least energetic of the states of matter
Changes of State
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The flat section of a temperature-time graph gives the melting point or boiling point of a substance
For a pure substance, its melting point is the temperature at which it melts, and its boiling point is the temperature at which it boils
Internal Energy
The strength of the forces of attraction between the particles of a substance explains why it is a solid, a liquid or a gas
When a substance is heated, if its temperature rises, the kinetic energy of its particles increases, and if it melts or boils the potential energy of its particles increases
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The pressure of a gas on a surface is caused by the particles of the gas repeatedly hitting the surface
Specific Latent Heat
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Specific latent heat of fusion is the energy needed to melt or boil 1kg of a substance without changing its temperature
Latent heat is the energy needed for a substance to change its state without changing its temperature
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Gas Pressure and Volume
The temperature of a gas can increases if it is compressed rapidly because work is done on it and the energy isn't transferred quickly enough to its surroundings
Use the equation Pressure x Volume = Constant, if the mass and the temperature of the gas do not change
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