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BLOOD (Hemocytoblasts (blasts, eosinophil, myeloid stem cell, basophil,…

- - - - Clotting
        
        tiny blood cells smaller than RBCs
        
        Activated by damage to the cell wall
        
        colorless/ no nucleus
        
        Lifespan: 10 days
      - If a blood vessel gets damaged it sends out signals that are picked up by platelets.
        
        Platelets then rush to the damage and form a plug, or clot, to repair the damage.
    - - White blood cells
      - 2 types: Granulocytes, Agranolocytes
      - Granulocytes- WBC with secretory granules in the cytoplasm
        
        neutrophil, basophil, or eosinophil
      - Agranulocytes
        
        lymphocytes and monocytes
        
        WBC with a one-lobed nucleus
    - - red blood cells
        
        Shape: Biconcave disk
        
        Lifespan: 120 days
        
        1 red blood cell has 280 million hemoglobulins
        
        Hemoglobin is a protein in RBC that carries oxygen
- - - - fibrin is produced by the action of enzyme thrombin.
    - - Albumin
        
        a protein that is soluble in water and coagulable by heat
        
        can be found in egg white, milk
      - Globulin
        
        Gamma- antibodies
        
        Alpha and beta- carrier proteins (transport)
- - - - Antibodies in plasma; Anti-B
        
        Antigens in RBC: A antigen
    - - Antibodies in plasma: Anti- A
        
        Antigens in RBC: B antigen
    - - Antibodies in plasma: none
        
        Antigens in RBC: A & B antigens
    - - Antibodies in plasma: Anti- A, Anti- B
        
        Antigens in RBC: none
- - - - Platelet Phase
        
        platelets stick to the vessel wall and to each other. During aggregation, they release chemicals. This is the beginning of a clot.
      - Coagulation Phase
        
        the common pathway
        
        when blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot.
      - Vascular Phase
        
        spasm or vasoconstriction: a brief and intense contraction of blood vessels
- - - - Thrombokinase
        
        Found in brain, lung, and other tissues and especially in blood platelets
        
        Functions in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in clotting of blood
      - Thrombin
        
        acts to transform fibrinogen into fibrin
      - Prothrombin
        
        protein produced by the liver, clotting
      - Fibronogen
        
        When tissue damage results in bleeding, fibrinogen is converted at the wound into fibrin by the action of thrombin, a clotting enzyme.
      - Fibrin (Clot)
        
        Is formed from fibrinogen that is produced by the liver and found in blood plasma
        
        Clot retraction: Final fibrin clot
        
        the "shrinking" of a blood clot over a number of days.
        
        the blood vessel wall is slowly brought together again to repair the damage.