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Nuclear Experimental Evidence (Experimental evidence for nuclear shell…
Nuclear Experimental Evidence
Experimental evidence for
nuclear shell structure
Magic nuclei are more tightly bound than their neighbours
more spherical
result of filled nucleonic shells
Deviations of experimental masses from the liquid drop values at magic n and p numbers
magic nuclei are more tightly bound
Discontinuities in neutron (proton) binding energies
1n or 2n (1p or 2p) separation energies at magic numbers indicate that magic nuclei are more tightly bound
First excited state of even-even nuclei are anomalously high ( > 1.5 MeV) at magic
numbers indicating
magic nuclei are less easy to excite than their neighbours.
Trends in α and β-decay energies – highest for magic nuclei
indicate that they are
more tightly bound.
Electric quadrupole moments
revealing nuclear deformation
are minimum for magic nuclei
indicating spherical shape
Peaks in the abundances of elements for neutron magic numbers
Rotation
vibrational excitations due to phonons
fact that protons resonate and neutrons dont
Transition probabilities from one excited state to a lower state of the rotational band
This probability is much higher than the probability observed between single particle states
Evidence for
static nuclear deformation
Large quadrupole moments for nuclei from closed shell
Existence of rotational band
Single-particle spectra which cannot be explained in the framework of the spherical shell model
Evidence for
magic numbers
High 2+ excitation energy at doubly-magic nuclei
Discontinuities in p and n separation energies at magic numbers
Abundances of elements with magic numbers