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LANGUAGE AND THE MIND (STAGES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION (0.0 - 0.3 (crying,…
LANGUAGE AND THE MIND
STAGES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
0.0 - 0.3
crying, cooing
0.4 - 0.5
beginning of babbling phase
0.10 - 1
first comprehensible words, follow by one, two and many word sentences
2.6
inflection occurs, negation, imperative sentences
3.0
vocabulary of about 1000 words has been attained
5/6
the main syntactic rules have been acquired
THE ACQUISITION OF PHONETICS
after about 6 months, the child begins to produce recognisable sounds
the relatively chronology of phonological acquisition is related to the statistical frequency of segment types in languages
Phonological processes
the process in child language usually lead to a reduction in phonological form: simplification of the structure of words
assimilation
cluster reduction
THE ACQUISITION OF SYNTAX
becomes significant when the child starts producing complex sentences. a sentence is considered as complex when it shows coordination and/or embedding
complex sentences arise after the child has started to produce many-word sentences
in the third year, the child produces such complex sentences with verbs of cognition
LINGUISTIC THEORY AND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
The Generative Approach
the children construct their future competence in their native language out of the performance of others
the speed with which children acquire the language they are exposed to in their early years has led to the postulation of 'language acquisition device' (LAD)
LAD is also a set of universals common to all languages
Criticism of the generative standpoint
the generativists did not work out the details of language acquisition
the acquisition of language does not take place in discrete stages as is implied by the generativists' notion of rule
The logical problem of acquisition
deaf children start by babbling and cooing but this soon peter out because they have no linguistic input
children who have very poor input in their surroundings tend to be creative in their use of language
CONDITIONS OF ACQUISITION
Natural language acquisition
Children are exposed to the performance of adult speakers
Self-correction is most common
Controlled language acquisition
Obtain formal instruction and lives in an environment where the target language is spoken
THE ACQUISITION OF MORPHOLOGY
one can be sure the child has not heard the forms before and is simply relying on his/her unconscious construction of the morphological rule of native language