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Peripheral Nervous and Endocrine System (cranial nerves and functions (I…
Peripheral Nervous and Endocrine System
cranial nerves and functions
I-Olfactory- sensory nerve that functions in sense of smell
III-Oculomotor- mostly motor function- most of the muscles of the eye, eyelid, and pupillary constriction
IV-Trochlear- superior oblique muscle of the eye
V- Trigeminal- three branches -motor- chewing: sensory- skin of face
II- Opticp - arises from retina of the eye and functions of visions
VI- Abducens- Lareal rectus eye muscle abducts the eye
VII- Facial- Motor to muscles of facial expression; sensory - taste
VIII- Vestibulococholear- sensory- hearing and equilibrium
IX- Glossopharyngeal-motor - secretion of saliva; sensory- taste, regulation of blood pressure and proprioception
X- Vagus- motor- smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, secretion of digestive fluids; heart, lungs- parasympathetic innervation; sensory from visceral organs it supplies and proprioception
XI- Accessory - motor: swallowing and movements of head; sensor- proprioception
XII- Hypoglossal- motor-movement of tongue during speech and swallowing; sensory - proprioception
Divisions of the Autonomic System
Sympathetic division
Originates in the thoracolumbar segments of the spinal cord
synapses in gangila near spinal cord
short pre-ganglionic (nerve before synapse and long post-ganglionic nerve after synapse) neuron
neurotransmitters: epinephrine and Norepinephrine
E's:exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment
Parasympathetic Division
Originates in brain stem and sacral
synapses in ganglia near effector organ
Long pre-ganglionic and short postganglionic neuron
Neurotransmitters: acetylcholine
Effector organs: Salivary glands, digestive and reproductive organs
D's: Digestion, defecation and divresis
Endocrine organs
Thyroid gland
thyroid hormone- control the basal metabolic rate, controlled by TSH
Parathyroid gland- Posterior surface of thyroid gland and secrete parathyroid hormone PTH which increases blood calcium levels
Thymus Gland secrete thymosin hormone which stimulates the development of the T-cells involved in the immune response
Pancreas- controls blood sugar leves
Insulin- decrease blood glucose
Glucagon- increase blood glucose
Adreal Gland
Adrenal cortex- outer layer, Glucocorticoids or cortisol- responds to stress or injury and releases anti-inflammatory, activated by ACTH
Adreal medulla-inner layer, epinephrine- stimulates the "fight or flight" response
Hypothalamus-This organ connects your endocrine system with your nervous system. Its main job is to tell your pituitary gland to start or stop making hormones.
Pituitary gland- The master gland of the endocrine system. secretes numerous hormones some of which stimulate other endocrine glands
Pineal Gland- secretes melatonin, regulating sleep cycles, and temperature.
Testes- make testosterone, grow facial and body hair during puberty
Ovaries-make estrogen and progesterone
Hormones
Follile stimulating hormone (FSH)- stimulates egg maturation in the ovary and release sex hormones
Luteninizing hormone (LH)- involved with development of ovaries and testes
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - stimulates the adreal gland to release corisol
Human growth hormone (hGH)- stimulates growth during infancy and puberty
Prolactin- initiates and maintains mike secretion
Thyriod Stimulation Hormone (TSH)- control basal metabolic rate by releasing thyroxine
Melanocyte stimulating Hormone (MSH)- stimulates production of melanin in the skin