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Endocrine System (Hormones (Growth hormone (GH) (Peptide hormone…
Endocrine System
Hormones
Growth hormone (GH)
Peptide hormone synthesized by the anterior pituitary, stimulates bone and muscle growth, raises blood glucose levels; stimulated by GHRH from hypothalamus; inhibited by GHIH from hypothalamus and pancreas
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Prolactin
Peptide hormone synthesized by the anterior pituitary, stimulates milk production and secretion; stimulated by PRH and inhibited by PIH from hypothalamus
Oxytocin
Peptide hormone synthesized by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary, stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk secretion during lactation, may promote bonding behavior; stimulated through neural reflexes during childbirth and nursing
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T3 and T4 (thyroxine)
Amino-acid derivative synthesized by the thyroid, stimulates metabolic activity and increased caloric expenditure; stimulated by TSH from anterior pituitary
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Calcitonin
Peptide hormone synthesized by the thyroid, stimulates bone building so decreases blood calcium concentrations; stimulated by increase in blood calcium concentration
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Peptide hormone synthesized by the anterior pituitary, stimulates ovulation in females, testosterone synthesis in males; stimulated by GnRH from hypothalamus
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Glucagon
Peptide hormone synthesized by the alpha cells of the pancreas, stimulates glycogen breakdown and increases blood glucose concentrations; stimulated by low blood glucose concentration
Insulin
Peptide hormone synthesized by the thymus, stimulates T-cell development
Calcitriol
Steroid hormone synthesized in a series of chemical reactions from skin (cholesterol, using UV radiation), to liver, and finally kidneys; stimulates calcium absorption, so works with PTH to elevate blood calcium concentration
Somatostatin
Peptide hormone synthesized in the gamma cells of the pancreas, suppresses secretion of insulin and glucagon (always inhibitory); chemically identical to GHIH from hypothalamus
Testosterone
Steroid hormone synthesized in interstitial cells of testis (also adrenal cortex), develops and maintains male reproductive system and male secondary sex characteristics; necessary for spermatogenesis; stimulated by LH
Estrogens
Steroid hormones synthesized by the ovaries, develops and maintains female reproductive system and female secondary characteristics; stimulated cyclically through GnRH/FSH
Progesterone
Steroid hormone synthesized by the ovaries, promotes maintenance of the endometrium; secreted by corpus luteum after ovulation, which is triggered by LH
Thymosin
Peptide hormone synthesized by the thymus, stimulates T-cell development
Melatonin
Peptide hormone synthesized by the pineal gland, involved in circadian rhythms; stimulation regulated by exposure to light
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Erythropoietin
Peptide hormone synthesized by the kidneys, stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes; stimulated by hypoxia
Cranial Nerves
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Oculomotor
Movement of the eyeball, construction of the pupil (motor)
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