Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Energy Metabolism: Respiration (Types of Respiration (Heat Generating…
Energy Metabolism: Respiration
Types of Respiration
aerobic
C6H12O6 + O2--> CO2 + H2O + ATP
High amount of :explode:
longer process
many plants and animals
anaerobic or fermentation
:red_cross: OXYGEN
C6H12O6 --> Lactic acid/ethanol + ATP
ONLY IN CYTOPLASM :red_flag:
little :explode: produced
faster process than aerobic
human muscle cells, bacteria, yeast, etc
Strict or Obligate aerobes
Use oxygen :<3:
Heat Generating respiration
from energy lost from 3 stages
heat lost = maintain body temp
thermogenic respiration
Respiration of Lipids
Germination - catabolic metabolism
Fatty acids -->CoA through B-oxidiation
Photorespiration
C3 plants
RuBP adds oxygen, :red_cross:CO2
wastes energy (around 30%)
Environmental and Internal Factors
Temperature
shoots - different temp than the roots
tissues - temp increase (10 Celsius), 2x respiration rate
b/w 5 and 25 celsius, good respiration rate
lack of oxygen
night: low temp, low oxygen demand
developing embryos -- respire anaerobically
Low oxygen conc. does the job in plants
internal regulation`
active metabolism --> high aerobic metabolism
fruit maturation -- good respiration
within seeds --respiration decrese
dormant period - no respiration
Total Energy Yield of Respiration
thermogenic & photorespiration = no ATP
pentose phosphate pathway = 6 OR 2 NADPH
Aerobic = up to 38 ATPS
MOST IN LAST STAGE
Anaerobic = 2 to 4 ATP
Fermentation of Alcoholic Beverages
Beer :beer_mugs:
Starchy cereal grains
GERMINATE ->ENZYMES -> BREAK DOWN STARCH
Barley - most common
Malt
strong flavor
Hops - added to make it less sweet
once all ingredients added - 68 to 73 degrees Celsius
Calories
Light beer - few calories
use mash w/ less carbs
convert most starch to sugar
add water --> dilute it and lower alcohol content
YEAST - FERMENTATION
Wine :champagne:
fermented fruits, high in sugar :wine_glass:
Lethal levels
sugar remains, sweet wine; sugar leaves, dry wine
Vitis vinifera
special flavor, aroma, colors
Benefits
Allow CO2 TO LEAVE
IF O2 enters, turns into vinegar
extra ethanol - fortified wine
sherry, port, madeira
weather important to grow grapes
vineyards - costly
Warnings
produces ethyl alcohol - classified as a depressant
some benefits, some disadvantages
2 drinks/day - low heart disease risk :<3:
red wine :<3:
DEATHS :warning:
ALCOHOLISM :warning:
fetal alcohol syndrome :warning:
BAC 0.15%+ :red_flag:
Spirits
ethanol contents above 20%
after 20%, soln. is toxic to yeast
to make it stronger, strong alcohol or distill it
distilled examples: vodka, gin, or whiskey
ethanol boiling point: 78 degrees Celsius
Tequila from
Agave tequilana
FIRST STEP :!: :!:
Glycolysis
PRODUCTS: 2 ATP + 2 PYRUVATE
pyruvate->used for acetyl CoA
In the cytosol
:red_cross:OXYGEN
Citric Acid Cycle
in the matrix
CO2 first produced
takes place 2x b/c of 2 pyruvate (glycolysis)
ATP produced at 1 step only
Oxidation Phosphorylation
where most of :explode: is produced
Oxygen --> last electron acceptor
ATP SYNTHASE
Heat - Generating Respirtion
some energy is lost during 3 stages
SECOND STEP :!: :!:
THIRD STEP :!: :!:
